结构三元被动减振理论与技术及其提升斜拉索振动控制效果研究

The theory and technology framework of three-element passive mitigation of structural vibration, based on a damping element, a stiffness element and an inertial mass element, is developed and applied to significantly enhance control performance of stay cables with conventional dampers in this project. The optimum configuration mechanism and energy dissipation capability improvement of three-element passive dampers are derived by investigating the displacement distribution and evolution of each element in the dampers. The precise design methodologies and typical practical prototypes of the three-element passive electromagnetic dampers with adjustable damping, stiffness and inertial mass are established and developed, respectively. The effectiveness and development for the theory and technology of the three-element passive mitigation is demonstrated and achieved through theoretical analyses and experimental investigations on seismic control of a single-degree-of-freedom structure with a three-element passive damper. Through theoretical analyses, numerical simulations as well as model tests, the effects of the negative stiffness and tuning function of the dampers on the magnified modal damping ratios of stay cables are well demonstrated. The parameter optimization algorithm for a three-element passive damper is proposed for multi-mode passive mitigation of stay cables. The theory and practical technology of the three-element passive mitigation is established for vibration control of stay cables. On this basis, influence mechanisms of the collaborative effects between the dampers and cross ties on the fundamental frequencies and maximum modal damping ratios of the cable net system are revealed. The theory and technology of composite vibration mitigation with the three-element passive dampers and cross ties is also established for cable vibration control. The outcome of this project will provide effective methods and complete practical technology for vibration mitigation performance improvement of stay cables, and also have important scientific significance on the theory and technology development of structural vibration control.

本项目拟发展基于“阻尼单元-弹簧单元-惯质单元”的结构三元被动减振理论与技术体系，实现斜拉索振动控制效果的显著提升。研究三元被动阻尼器内部各单元的位移分配机制与演化特征等耦合作用，阐明阻尼器构型优化机制与整体耗能增效机理；建立参数可调的三元被动电磁式阻尼器精准设计方法，研发实用阻尼器样机，以单层钢框架结构减震分析与试验为例发展结构三元被动减振理论与技术。综合斜拉索三元被动减振理论、仿真和试验研究，揭示阻尼器负刚度与调谐作用双重效应对斜拉索阻尼放大的驱动机制，提出斜拉索多阶模态最优控制的阻尼器参数优化算法，建立斜拉索三元被动减振理论与实用技术；阐明阻尼器与辅助索的协同工作效应对索网体系的基频与各阶最优模态阻尼比的影响机制，建立斜拉索三元被动阻尼器-辅助索复合减振理论与技术体系。研究成果可为斜拉索减振效果提升提供先进有效的方法与成套实用技术，对推动结构振动控制理论与技术发展也具有重要科学意义。

大跨度斜拉桥的斜拉索在外界环境激励下极易发生多种有害振动，斜拉索的有效减振技术对斜拉桥安全运营至关重要。现有外置阻尼器减振措施虽然在一定程度上解决了斜拉索的振动问题，但随着斜拉索长细比的逐渐增大，现有传统一元被动阻尼器提供的附加阻尼有限，难以满足超长斜拉索的多模态减振需求。.为提升传统一元被动黏滞阻尼器（VD）对斜拉索的减振效果，本项目通过发展结构“阻尼单元-弹簧单元-惯质单元”三元被动减振理论与技术体系，实现了斜拉索的减振增效。项目综合采用理论分析、数值仿真与模型试验等手段，开展的主要研究内容有：（1）典型三元被动阻尼器样机研发及其力学性能研究；（2）三元被动阻尼器对斜拉索减振理论分析、数值仿真和参数优化研究；（3）三元被动阻尼器对斜拉索减振试验研究；（4）基于三元被动阻尼器的斜拉索复合减振研究。取得的研究成果主要有：（1）建立了三元被动阻尼器的精准设计方法，研发了面向斜拉索减振且阻尼力、弹性力与惯性力均具有可调性的三元被动阻尼器样机；（2）建立了斜拉索多模态最优控制的三元被动阻尼器参数优化方法与减振设计方法，揭示了三元被动阻尼器对斜拉索减振的增效机理；（3）建立了外置负刚度阻尼器-内置高阻尼橡胶阻尼器、并联式“惯容-阻尼”阻尼器-辅助索、双电涡流惯质阻尼器对斜拉索的复合减振理论与技术体系。成果可为斜拉索减振效果提升提供重要参考，对推动结构三元被动减振理论与技术发展也具有重要意义。.在本项目资助下，已发表相关期刊论文28篇，其中SCI收录期刊论文15篇、EI收录中文期刊论文12篇、中文核心期刊论文1篇；出版学术专著2部；授权发明专利3项、授权实用新型专利4项；培养毕业硕士研究生12人；依托项目成果，项目主持人获2019年第十四届河南省青年科技奖、2021年度江苏省科学技术一等奖（排名第7）、2021年度中国交通运输协会科学进步一等奖（排名第6）。