含分布式电源的复杂电网脆弱性综合评估与同步控制

More and more distributed generations are accessed to the grid, the concept of smart grid has become more and more deeply. Under these situations, the characteristics of power grid structure become more and more complex, and the analysis of its vulnerability becomes essential. This project aims to build a grid model which conforms to the real operating environment with large-scale distributed generation accessed to the power grid. From different angles, different directions, the vulnerability of the power grid are analyzed comprehensively. The main contribution are as follows: Considering the electrical characteristics of power grids and access of the distributed power, build a complex power grid model with weighted, directed topology, and simulate the real running situation of power grid and analyze the validity of the network model; Based on the model, considering the distribution of AC current flow, three vulnerability indexes are defined, and the vulnerability of IEEE standard grid is simulated and analyzed; Supposed the attacker on power grid has the ability of intelligent judgment, simulate its attack behavior from three levels, and analyzes the effective way of power grid defense by attacking and defending the game theory; Use the existing community detection method to detect the IEEE power grid, consider the community as a unit for vulnerability analysis of power grid; Considering the influence of distributed power supply on grid synchronization, the Kuramoto oscillator model is used to study the synchronization condition of power grid. As an application, the research results are applied to analyze the vulnerability of Ningxia power grid and the Northwest power grid.

随着分布式电源的大规模接入、智能电网理念不断深入，电网结构特性变得越来越复杂，分析其脆弱性变得必不可少。本项目旨在考虑分布式电源接入电网时，建立符合切实运行环境的电网模型，并从不同角度、不同方位，全面综合地分析电网脆弱性，具体包括以下几方面：1. 考虑电网的电气特性与分布式电源的接入，建立一类加权有向的复杂电网模型，模拟实际电网运行情况，对电网模型进行有效性分析；2.模型基础上，考虑AC潮流分布，定义三个脆弱评价指标，仿真分析IEEE标准电网脆弱性；3. 假设攻击电网者具有智能化判断能力，从三个层面模拟其攻击行为，以攻击——防御的博弈化理念仿真分析电网抵御的有效方式；4. 利用已有的社团检测方法对IEEE电网进行检测，以社团为单位进行电网脆弱性分析；5. 考虑分布式电源对电网同步的影响，基于Kuramoto振子模型研究电网的同步条件。最后，项目研究成果将应用于宁夏电网和西北电网的脆弱分析。

本项目旨在考虑分布式电源接入电网时，建立符合切实运行环境的电网模型，并从不同角度、不同方位，全面综合地分析电网脆弱性，在具体实施过程中，结合最新学术动态和人才培养，主要完成以下4个方面的研究工作：1.应用复杂网络理论将电网、信息网抽象为两个网络，并通过一定的耦合方式，将两网耦合构成电力CPS；以社团的视角研究电力CPS的脆弱性：定义评价指标、社团攻击方式、考虑调度中心处于不同社团等，通过模拟级联故障，定性、定量地评价CPS模型；结合状态脆弱性和拓扑脆弱性，定义电网节点综合评价指标，通过相关性分析确定两者之间的连接权值，用以评价电网节点。2.以三相PLL为研究对象，从鉴相器、环路滤波器和压控振荡器三个方面入手，设计满足非理想电网条件下的新型PLL，实现快速、准确地检测电网电压的频率和相位。3.针对交流微电网，对下垂控制进行改进或利用次级控制得到下垂控制的补偿项使得输出频率一致、功率按比分配；针对直流微电网，通过虚拟电容提高系统惯性，对V-I下垂控制设计有限时间次级控制，以减少输出电压偏差和提高均流精度。4.采用智能算法组合构成深度学习对电力负荷需求进行高精度的短期/超短期预测；通过协调各分布式能源、能源转换装置、能源存储装置，实现冷、热、电、气多种能源的供应，达到综合能源系统的高效利用；为了提高可再生能源消纳，从定义改造目标入手，从技术、经济政策等方面设计煤电厂灵活性改造方案，通过仿真分析实现高比例可再生能源的消纳；在VSC控制器中设计增加频率控制，当AC区域发生扰动，使经由VSC-MTDC并网的WPP能通过共享功率裕度参与交流区域频率调节；将将二维码技术和2D 视觉系统应用于自动化生产线中，以实现零件的精确加工与自动化生产。