基于界面光热转换和海水天然有机物吸附的活性炭定向制备机理研究

In this study, a novel activated carbon material will be prepared for solar-driven interfacial water evaporation and adsorption of natural organic matter (NOM) from seawater. The main contents of this study will include: (1) preparation and characterization of floatable activated carbon monolith using waste cardboard (WC) and coal tar pitch (CTP) as raw material and additive, respectively, via CO2 activation catalyzed by the alkali and alkaline earth metals (AAEMs) contained in seawater. The evolution of the physicochemical properties with preparation conditions will be analyzed, and the method of directional preparation of the activated carbon will be established. (2) The thermal conversion mechanisms of the AAEMs-WC-CTP system will be investigated by TG-FTIR, and the pyrolysis and activation kinetics will be analyzed. (3) The photo-thermal conversion performance of the activated carbon monolith and its adsorption capacities for NOM will be investigated via experimental platform of solar-driven interfacial water evaporation and LC-OCD, respectively, and the relationship between the physicochemical properties and its performances will be established. This study will be beneficial for the development of the activated carbon manufacturing and seawater desalination industries in China.

本项目从太阳能海水淡化和海水淡化预处理两个角度出发，开发一种同时适用于界面光热转换和海水天然有机物的吸附的新型活性炭。主要研究内容包括：（1）以废纸板为原料，煤沥青为添加剂，借助海水中碱/碱土金属元素的催化作用，通过CO2活化制得成型可漂浮活性炭并对其进行表征，明确样品理化性质随制备条件的演变规律，建立此类活性炭的定向制备调控方法；（2）基于TG-FTIR技术，明确碱/碱土金属-废纸板-煤沥青耦合体系的热转化机理，建立热解、活化动力学模型；（3）基于界面光热转换实验装置和LC-OCD技术，对活性炭的光热转换效率及其对海水天然有机物的选择吸附能力进行分析，建立活性炭性质与性能之间的构效关系。本项目以活性炭为中心，对固废资源化、海水净化、海水淡化和海水直接利用领域进行整合，其成果的产业化有利于我国活性炭制造行业的发展，并对海岛小规模海水淡化工程的开展和舰船用海水淡化装置的开发形成促进作用。

本项目以废瓦楞纸为原料，制备了一系列炭材料，并将其用于界面光蒸汽转换以及水中有机污染物的吸附，代表性创新成果为：1、以废瓦楞纸为原料，开发了基于“干法破碎-无水乙醇浸渍-滴滤塑形-常压干燥-炭/活化”流程的三维炭气凝胶制备方法；提出了“制浆-脱水-压力成型”流程，在不添加粘结剂的条件下制备了机械强度优良的成型多孔炭材料。2、基于热重分析-傅里叶变换红外光谱联用技术（TG-FTIR）解析了FeCl3以及海水中碱金属和碱土金属元素对废瓦楞纸热解炭化和CO2气化反应的催化机制。3、揭示了多孔炭物理化学性质对其界面光-蒸发性能以及水中有机污染物吸附行为的影响。本项目为“双碳”背景下的城市典型废弃物资源化以及绿色海水淡化和预处理提供了新的思路。