强化疾病抑制性粪便堆肥的药渣-木霉菌双向发酵体系研究

Additional antibacterial organic materials and functional microorganisms can effectively solve the problems of enhancing composting effect and disease suppressive activity in faces waste utilization. Hypothesizing of adding bidirectional fermentation system of antibacterial decoction-functional Trichoderma sp. into manure composting to enhance both their activities was referenced to Pharmacodynamic effects enhancement mechanism in bidirectional fermentation system of decoction-medicinal fungi. Experiments are planed to carried out to explore enhanced activities of the system, such as plant growth promoting, disease suppressive, deodorant and cellulose degradation, and to verify previous hypothesis applied for enhancing disease suppressive manure compost. Culture tests are used to screen for adaptable suit of non-toxic functional Trichoderma sp. and antibacterial decoction. Appearance and mechanism of composting effect, toxicity and activities enhancement of different fermentation suits under different conditions are planed to explored, to screen for initial activities enhanced bidirectional fermentation system of antibacterial decoction-functional Trichoderma sp. Every screened fermentation system is planed to add into manure composting. Appearance and mechanism of enhancement of composting effect, plant growth promoting activity and disease suppressive activity are planed to studied, and establish bidirectional fermentation system of antibacterial decoction-functional Trichoderma sp. applied in disease suppressive manure composting. This study makes full use of faces waste, decoction and functional fungi. And it will have important theoretical significance and practical value for providing sufficient theoretical and experimental basis for functional-enhanced carrier of fungi with decoction applied in other fields, providing scientific basis for studies for new type of disease suppressive manure compost, and providing new ideas in reutilization of faces and decoction waste.

添加抗菌性有机辅料和功能菌，可有效解决提高堆肥效果和抗病性等粪便资源化的关键问题。本项目借鉴中药-药用真菌双向发酵增强药性的理论，提出应用抗菌性药渣-活性木霉属真菌双向发酵体系增强其促生、抗病、除臭和降解纤维素等活性的假设，并通过试验探索建立强化疾病抑制性粪便堆肥的双向发酵体系。采用驯化生长试验筛选可适应的无毒活性木霉和抗菌性药渣组合；探讨各组合不同条件下的固体发酵效果、毒性及活性增强的效应和机理，初步建立活性增强的药渣-木霉双向发酵体系；探讨各初选双向发酵体系加入粪便堆肥，提高堆肥效果及促生和抗病性的效应和机理，建立强化疾病抑制性粪便堆肥的药渣-木霉菌双向发酵体系。本研究充分利用粪便、药渣及真菌的相互作用，为探讨药渣作为活性真菌的功能强化型载体在其他领域的应用提供了理论和实验依据，为研究新型疾病抑制性粪便堆肥提供了科学依据，为粪便和药渣资源化提供了新思路，具有重要的理论意义和应用前景。

外源抗菌性有机辅料和功能菌可有效解决提高堆肥效果和抗病性等粪便资源化的关键问题。本项目借鉴中药-药用真菌双向发酵增强药性的理论，提出并通过实验探索验证应用抗菌药渣和抗菌功能木霉菌（促生、抗病、除臭和降解纤维素）建立药渣-木霉双向发酵体系用于强化疾病抑制性粪便堆肥的设想。通过体外抗菌试验对初步筛选出的18种药渣和22种木霉进行抗有害菌（包括产ESBLs耐药菌）活性评价。采用驯化生长试验筛选出可适应的TY1、TR-3和BM-5等抗菌功能木霉和连翘、蒲公英和地锦草等抗菌性药渣组合；通过探讨各组合的发酵效果和活性增强的效应和机理，建立了活性增强的连翘药渣-TY1木霉菌等双向发酵体系；并通过探讨各双向发酵体系加入粪便堆肥提高堆肥效果及促生和抗病性的效应和机理，建立了强化疾病抑制性粪便堆肥的连翘药渣-TY1木霉菌双向发酵体系。发明了亚甲基蓝琼脂平板扩散法，通过观察直径不同及深浅不一的分层有色抑菌圈可综合评价色深混浊和成分复杂的中药煎剂等粗提物的不同成分及浓度抗菌物质的抗菌效果。发明了一种琼脂打孔器和一种定量恒温琼脂倾注器，为相关实验研究提供了便利。本研究充分利用粪便、药渣及真菌的相互作用，为探讨药渣作为活性真菌的功能强化型载体在其他领域的应用提供了理论和实验依据，为研究新型疾病抑制性粪便堆肥提供了科学依据，为粪便和药渣资源化提供了新思路，具有重要的理论意义和应用前景。