TiB2基陶瓷/金属功能梯度材料高速撞击损伤行为研究

TiB2-based ceramic composite is a kind of novel promising armored protective materials, the ceramic/metal functionally gradient materials designed from TiB2-based ceramic can reduce the acoustic impedance difference between the ceramic layer and the metal layer, so that the reflected extension wave of the ceramic/metal interface under high velocity impact could be diminished, and the protective performance of ceramic target can be increased accordingly. In this project, the TiB2-based ceramic/metal functionally gradient materials will be tested by high velocity impact experimenents, the main research contents in the project are as following: 1) the quasi-static and dynamic compression properties of TiB2-based ceramic are tested, and the dynamic damage mechanism under high strain rate is investigated too; 2) the dynamic mechanical response and the interfacial micstructural characteristics of the TiB2-based ceramic/metal functionally graded composites are investigated; 3) the structural damage and the failure behavior of ceramic-metal functionally graded materials under high velocity impact is investigated, while the coupled response relationship between ceramic/metal interface structure and dynamic damage mechanism is discussed too. The anticipated results can not only increase the protective performance of the ceramic composite targets, but also provide the theoretic foundation and the data support for the design and optimization of armored ceramic-metal functionally graded composites as well as the material modification of TiB2-based ceramic composites.

TiB2基复相陶瓷是一种极具发展潜力的新型陶瓷装甲防护材料，随之发展起来的TiB2基陶瓷/金属功能梯度材料可以减小陶瓷层与金属层之间声阻抗差异，削弱高速撞击过程中反射拉伸波的形成，从而极大提高防护性能。为此，本项目以TiB2基陶瓷/金属功能梯度材料为研究对象，通过静动态力学性能测试和高速撞击试验，主要研究以下内容：1）探讨TiB2基复相陶瓷的静动态力学性能，并研究其在高应变率下损伤行为；2）研究TiB2基陶瓷/金属功能梯度材料界面结构特征与动态力学行为响应；3）研究陶瓷/金属功能梯度材料在高速撞击下的结构损伤与失效行为，分析陶瓷/金属界面结构与动态损伤机制之间的耦合响应关系。预期研究成果不仅为陶瓷材料改性提供理论依据和实验支持，而且对发展陶瓷/金属梯度复合装甲具有重要的科学研究意义和工程应用价值。

本项目通过系统开展TiB2基陶瓷以及陶瓷/金属梯度复合材料的超重力燃烧合成制备，对复合材料界面的微观结构和力学性能进行表征测试，研究了陶瓷/金属复合材料梯度界面的化学成分和相组成结构，以及陶瓷/金属复合材料过渡界面的硬度分布特征；开展了TiB2基陶瓷/金属梯度复合材料的力学性能测试，研究了复合材料及其界面结构的断裂损伤模式；开展了TiB2基陶瓷以及TiB2基陶瓷/金属梯度复合材料的高速侵彻试验，获得了不同防护材料的高速侵彻防护系数，研究了不同材料结构设计对高速撞击损伤行为和抗多发弹性能的影响。研究结果表明，正是由于在材料制备过程中陶瓷/金属层间液态熔合与互扩散，使得层间组成相呈空间尺度连续梯度演化，产生层间梯度纳米复合结构，进而在实弹靶试中诱发层间多尺度界面效应，产生强烈的层间剪切耦合效应，极大提升陶瓷断裂阻力与损伤缓解性，从而使得陶瓷/金属梯度复合材料的防护能力大幅提升。