高原鼢鼠响应草地恢复措施的种群特征及影响机制

Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau grassland has been undergoing an intense degradation under the influence of global change and human disrupting activities, which has been a serious threat not only to the alpine pastoral animal husbandry production, but to the regional sustainable development and national ecological security. Although those damaging activities could be, to some extent, handled with some effective grassland restoration programs, but the damages by zokors made the grassland recovery procedures more difficult. For an effective grassland restoration and rodent pest control strategies, a better understanding of the influence of the plateau zokors and implementing of advanced grassland restoration measures are inevitable. Using 11 polymorphic microsatellite loci we developed recently, mitochondrial markers and population genetics, we aim to explore the effects of grassland restoration and management methods on zokors population genetic structure and their behavior. Through analyzing individual relatedness, and paternity of offspring, we investigate the impact of the different restoration and management regimes on the reproduction, mating system, possible social structure of zokor populations and gene flow between populations by comparing the differences in population genetic variability, genetic structure and gene flow of zokors. Such knowledge will allow us to explore the population regulation, inbreeding avoidance and genetic and behavior mechanisms in controlling the plateau zokor population under different grassland management systems. The findings of this study will enrich the grassland restoration theory, improve the comprehensive rodent pest prevention and control technology, and provide technical support for the grassland restoration and management.

人类活动等干扰下的青藏高原草地退化，已严重威胁着高寒牧区畜牧业生产、区域可持续发展和国家生态安全。草地恢复治理作为退化草地有效的管理手段被广泛应用，但高原鼢鼠等鼠害的发生使得草地恢复进程愈发艰难。草地恢复治理措施对高原鼢鼠的作用和影响研究是鼠害防控和退化草地生态系统修复的科学基础。本项目拟应用种群遗传学等理论与方法，解析草地恢复治理措施对高原鼢鼠种群数量、分布格局和遗传特征等的影响机制。分析不同恢复治理措施对高原鼢鼠微生境特征的影响，明确土壤、植被（食物）等资源变动对高原鼢鼠种群数量、种群结构和繁殖等的作用；重点研究草地治理措施下高原鼢鼠婚配、扩散和亲权结构及其维持特征的变化和异同，探讨高原鼢鼠扩散和婚配对其遗传结构及基因流影响形成与作用的生态学过程；阐明草地恢复治理措施影响高原鼢鼠种群的行为模式和遗传学机制，为丰富草地修复理论，改进高原鼢鼠综合防控技术，协调草地恢复与重建提供科学依据。

人类活动等干扰下的青藏高原草地退化，已严重威胁着高寒牧区畜牧业生产、区域可持续发展和国家生态安全。草地恢复治理作为退化草地有效的管理手段被广泛应用，但高原鼢鼠等鼠害的发生使得草地恢复进程愈发艰难。草地恢复治理措施对高原鼢鼠的作用和影响研究是鼠害防控和退化草地生态系统修复的科学基础。本项研究于2018-2021年间，对草地恢复治理措施下高原鼢鼠种群数量、分布格局和遗传特征等的影响机制进行了研究，分析了草地补播、放牧管理模式和草地退化情况下草地土壤、植被等高原鼢鼠微生境的变化情况。分析了草地退化、补播和种间作用下高原鼢鼠的食性及其生态位特征，联合开发的微卫星标记位点，探究了草地补播和密度影响下下高原鼢鼠婚配、扩散和亲权结构及其维持特征的影响，以及扩散和婚配对其遗传结构及基因流影响形成与作用的生态学过程；研究了天敌影响下高原鼢鼠响应的行为、生理和分子机制，解析了草地恢复治理措施影响高原鼢鼠种群的行为模式和遗传学机制，结果为丰富草地修复理论，改进高原鼢鼠综合防控技术，协调草地恢复与重建提供了科学依据。