城市森林景观格局对城市热舒适度的调节作用及其空间效应研究

Understanding the potential, dynamic process and spatial effect of urban thermal environment regulation for urban forest landscape pattern is very important for improving urban thermal environment and raising the quality of human residential environment. In this study, urban forest landscape structures in Changchun, China were obtained from the field-based survey and QuickBird remote sensing. And then urban forest landscape structures were correlated to urban thermal comfort index calculated by urban thermal indices derived from TM remote sensing and ground-based monitoring systems with Rayman model to depict quantitatively the difference of urban thermal benefit of urban forest. Meanwhile the quantitative evaluation model of urban thermal regulation by urban forest was established at the scales of landscape. And then the nested quadrat method was used to explore whether the relationship between urban forest structures and urban thermal comfort changes across different spatial location and scales. At last, the dynamic process and spatial effect of urban thermal environment regulation for urban forest structures were further analyzed by Fluid numerical simulation model and Rayman model based on different urban forest structures and model parameters at the mini scale from multi-source remote sensing. Results from this research can expand our scientific understanding of the effects of urban forest structures on urban thermal benefit and its dynamic process at different spatial level. And the quantitative visual forecasting and evaluation model was also established. This study will provide insights for urban planners to improve urban thermal environment by optimizing urban forest, which have important theoretical and management implications.

明确城市森林景观格局热舒适度调节的潜力及其空间调控机制, 是提高城市人居热环境质量的重要前提。本研究以长春市为研究区，应用样地调查和QuickBird遥感影像解译相结合的方法，分析城市森林景观结构特征；应用地面监测及Landsat TM遥感反演获取温度、湿度及辐射等关键热环境因子，并结合Rayman模型，明确城市热舒适度空间格局，进而定量刻画不同城市森林景观格局热环境效应之间的差异，构建定量评价模型。进一步采用样区分割法，初步探讨不同空间区位及尺度下城市森林景观格局在热环境调节中的空间效应。在此基础上，基于不同城市森林景观格局方案，应用可视化流体模拟模型和Rayman模型，结合遥感获取的模型参数，进一步直观、深入揭示不同空间水平下城市森林格局在热舒适度调节中的动态过程与空间调控机制，构建可视化定量预测评价模型。为空间上合理调控城市森林，改善城市热环境奠定理论和技术基础。

我国当前高温热浪频发，明确城市森林景观格局热舒适度调节的潜力及其空间调控机制, 是提高城市人居热环境质量的重要前提。本研究历时3年，通过持续研究解决以下问题：（1）近年来中国城市热环境与居民热舒适度演变规律如何（2）城市森林在调节城市热环境与舒适度中的潜力及其调节机制等，主要研究成果如下：（1）明确中国近30年主要城市夏季热舒适度的时空演变特征；并进一步重点探明了1979-2016长时间序列长春城市热环境与热舒适度的演变规律；（2）明确了不同城市森林覆盖度下城市居民热舒适度差异，提出了影响城市热舒适度的关键群落结构指标，构建了城市森林群落结构与城市热舒适度之间的定量表达模型，探明了基于热舒适度调节的城市森林群落关键阈值；（3）定量刻画了城市森林与城市居民热舒适度空间格局；探讨城市森林景观格局与城市热环境与热舒适度之间的定量关系，筛选出热环境调节的关键景观格局指标，构建定量关系模型，揭示了城市森林景观格局热环境调节的尺度依赖性规律，阐明了城市森林热环境调节的作用机制。按照项目研究计划和目标，本课题完成了各项研究任务并开展了广泛深入的国内外合作交流，基于研究成果，已发表SCI论文7篇；申报专利2 项，授权软件著作权1项；获吉林省自然科学一等奖1项；项目负责人当选为中国卓越期刊Journal of Forestry Research编委，并入选中国科学院青年创新促进会；培养博士研究生2名。