海洋环境仿生防污涂层混凝土及其生物劣化机理研究

With the continuous research on durability of marine concrete, more and more attention had been paid to the adhesion and corrosion of marine fouling organisms to concrete, which is considered to be one of the important factors causing the destruction of marine concrete.Effective and environment friendly antifouling coating technique is an effective way to solve this problem, it has significant scientific value and engineering significance to study the biological deterioration mechanism of antifouling coated concrete.In this research, the biomimetic antifouling copolymer coating will be prepared by controlled radical polymerization, the coating has good adhesion on surface of wet concrete substrates by the biomimetic adhesion groups, the conditioning layer and biofilm were inhibited by inhibition from antifouling groups and fouling release groups to organic macromolecules, which will achieve broad spectrum antifouling performance to marine fouling organisms.The fouling organism- characteristic adhesion protein- polymer antifouling group interaction model will be built by studying the dynamic and desorption activities of biomimetic coating flexible molecular chains with proteins, and also the dynamic formation process of condition layer and biofilm on bionic coated concrete surface. The testings in laboratory and seawater will be carried out, the biological degradation process of bionic antifouling coating concrete will be studied on the damage of surface coating, concrete and steel bar to analysis the biological degradation mechanism under different conditions.

随着海工混凝土耐久性研究的不断深入，海洋污损生物对混凝土的附着与腐蚀受到越来越多的关注，被认为是造成海工混凝土破坏的重要因素之一。防污涂层技术是解决上述问题的有效措施，研究防污涂层混凝土及其生物劣化机理具有重要意义。本项目利用可控自由基聚合法制备仿生防污共聚物涂层，仿生黏附单元使其在潮湿混凝土基材表面具有良好的附着力，其中的防污单元和污损释放单元可以抑制有机大分子的附着，从而防止条件膜和生物膜的形成，实现对海洋污损生物的广谱防污。通过研究仿生涂层柔性分子链与蛋白质的动态吸附与脱附作用及仿生涂层混凝土表面条件膜和生物膜的动态形成过程，构建污损生物-特征黏附蛋白质-聚合物防污结构单元相互作用模型。开展实验室浸泡和实海挂片实验，通过微观形貌、化学定量、微观与宏观力学分析，从表面涂层破坏、混凝土本体破坏、钢筋破坏三个方面研究仿生防污涂层混凝土的生物劣化过程，分析不同条件下的生物劣化机理。

防污涂层技术是解决海洋污损生物对混凝土的附着与腐蚀的有效措施，研究防污涂层混凝土及其生物劣化机理具有重要意义。本项目通过活性自由基聚合等方法，仿生贻贝等设计并制备了一系列仿生防污涂层，并对其制备工艺进行了优化。通过对涂层共聚物分子结构的设计抑制蛋白质等有机大分子在其表面的附着，使其具有良好的防污性能，通过对层蛋白质及细胞黏附行为进行研究，得到了涂层的防污机理及污损生物作用机理。研究结果证明，共聚物防污涂层，可以给表面提供非常有效的防蛋白和细胞黏附的性能。这些共聚物防污涂层可以修饰的基底可以扩展到多种不同的表面。缓释防污涂层可以通过明胶封端在海水中缓慢溶解，防污剂缓慢溶解于海水中，最终达到缓释防污的效果。一系列研究结果将为制备广谱高效且环境友好的海洋防污涂层提供理论支持。