中国短沟蜷科种类分类及系统发育学研究

In China, the Family Semisulcospiridae includes 49 species that belong to three genera and widely distributes in China, with the occurrence of highest species diversity at Karst region of South China (Wuyi Mountain-Nanling-Yungui Plateau). Currently taxonomic status of some species and phylogenetic relationships among Chinese Semisulcospiridae are not clear. The aims of this project are to 1) clarify taxonomic status of Chinese Semisulcospiridae species and investigate the potential connection between lineage divergence and development of Karst in South China based on morphological and molecular data,2) investigate population genetics and phylogeography of Semisulcospira cancellata(Benson)to understand its evolutionary history and distribution of ancestral population and to address the effect of Quaternary climatic oscillations on the population genetics and demography. The results will have shed light on the molecular phylogenetics and dispersal pattern of Semisulcospiridae species in China, and provide biological evidence for understanding of formation history of Karst in South China.

短沟蜷科在我国记录有49种，分属于3个属，广泛分布在我国大部分地区，物种多样性最高的区域集中在武夷山-南岭-云贵高原我国南方喀斯特地区。有关我国短沟蜷科种类的分类地位及谱系关系尚不明确，一些物种的有效性有待研究。本项目拟通过形态与分子相结合的手段，澄清我国短沟蜷科种类的分类地位。根据短沟蜷科种类的谱系关系，探讨其谱系分化与我国南方喀斯特地貌发育之间的联系。对广布种方格短沟蜷的群体遗传学和谱系地理学研究，了解方格短沟蜷的进化历史及其祖先种群的分布区域，探讨第四纪冰期气候变化对种群结构和种群动态的影响。研究结果有望阐明我国短沟蜷科种类的分子系统关系，了解我国南方喀斯特地貌形成历史提供生物佐证。

项目执行期间，对我国黑龙江、吉林、安徽、浙江、江西、四川、重庆、广西、贵州、云南和海南的短沟蜷科种类标本进行了收集。通过形态和分子相结合的方法，厘定了短沟蜷科部分种类的分类地位：如田螺短沟蜷、湖南短沟蜷应为厚唇螺科沟蜷属种类、格氏短沟蜷和欧氏短沟蜷分别为新属湘蜷属和黔蜷属的模式种、分布于云南滇池流域的短沟蜷属种类应为新属瘤蜷属。系统发育树显示短沟蜷科种类被分为三支，一支是北美种类、第二支包含了东北朝鲜半岛和俄罗斯、中国东北黑龙江短沟蜷，日本的短沟蜷属，湘蜷属和内姆特蜷属，第三支则主要是分布于中国西南和越南的华蜷属、黔蜷属和瘤蜷属。另外，在野外考察过程中发现，短沟蜷科种类多分布在水质较清澈的河流，与水体的营养化呈负相关，共发表相关论文3篇，其中SCI论文1篇，2篇科普文章。