基于臭气和污水同步处理的MBR工艺研究

Aerated activated sludge deodorization has the advantages of simple operation, being economic and high treatment efficiency. However, there are still many technical difficulties in the application of this technology to the in-situ simultaneous treatment of odor and wastewater. Towards in-situ odor and wastewater, the project will be conducted under micro-oxygen aeration for their simultaneous treatment, which involves the denitrification-based deodorization and the improvement of wastewater treatment technologies. Firstly, the biological deodorization process will be coupled with MBR-based A2O sewage treatment unit to investigate the deodorization efficiency under different operating conditions. The comprehensive treatment including biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal, deodorization and COD removal in the process will be explored. Secondly, on this basis, the intrinsic principles of denitrification-based deodorization and deep denitrification of wastewater will be revealed through identifying and tracing functional bacteria, elucidating electronic competition mechanism and detoxification mechanism of odorous substances. Thirdly, the feasibility, stability and controlling mechanism of wastewater treatment by combined heterotrophic and sulfide-based autotrophic denitrification will be examined through varying the operation conditions of the bioreactor and the addition of sulfide. Overall, the successful implementation of this project will provide us a deep understanding of the denitrification-based deodorization process and the in-situ wastewater treatment process by combined heterotrophic and sulfide-based autotrophic denitrification. Also, it will significantly contribute to the knowledge regarding the in-situ process optimization and application of simultaneous treatment of odor and wastewater in wastewater treatment plants.

曝气式活性污泥法除臭具有操作运行简单、经济、处理高效等优点，但是该技术应用于实际臭气与污水的同步处理时尚有诸多技术难题。本课题利用实际臭气与污水，从微氧曝气条件下臭气与污水同步处理的角度出发，围绕反硝化除臭和污水处理工艺改进开展如下工作：1. 基于MBR的A2O污水处理单元耦合生物除臭工艺，考察不同运行条件下臭气去除效能，并探究工艺中微生物脱氮除磷与除臭除COD的综合处理效果。2. 在此基础上，通过功能菌鉴定与跟踪分析、电子竞争机制与致臭物质微观降解机理研究等揭示反硝化除臭与污水深度脱氮的内在原理。3. 通过反应器调试与外源添加硫化物的手段，探索异养与硫自养反硝化协同处理实际污水的可行性、稳定性与受控机制。综上，本项目的顺利实施不仅对反硝化除臭机理、异养与硫自养反硝化协同处理实际污水有深入的认识，还对污水处理厂同步处理臭气和污水的工艺优化与应用具有不可忽视的贡献。

基于水相的活性污泥除臭法是目前污水处理厂臭气处理的最有前途的方法之一。然而，污水处理厂的活性污泥除臭技术仍需要进一步系统归纳和分类，其除臭过程的特征和潜在机理的探讨仍然缺乏。基于系统文献调研，本研究首先介绍了污水处理厂臭气处理的三种活性污泥除臭技术，并对其基本原理、特征、研究进展和实际应用现状进行了全面回顾。通过总结多元素转化过程、细菌代谢的相互作用、微观表征、功能微生物鉴定等研究的最新进展，深度揭示了典型臭气的除臭机理。同时，也细致讨论了活性污泥除臭工艺的未来研究方向，如除臭机理，臭气和污水同步处理，臭气与其它排放气体的协同处理等。.另一方面，人们对活性污泥除臭法在实际应用过程中效果，微生物群落的动态变化、物种相互作用和生物组装模式的认识仍然远远不足。因此，本研究使用两组膜生物反应器（MBR）来研究活性污泥法的除臭效率，污水处理效果和相关的微生物学特征。首先，活性污泥法去除了94.7％以上的H2S和100％的NH3，其它臭气组分也实现了低浓度排放。通过对磷酸盐(0.13±0.12 mg/L)，化学需氧量（COD，12.1±1.8 mg/L）和各类氮（如总氮为5.9±1.8 mg-N/L）等水质指标的监测表明，活性污泥除臭法对原位污水处理效果影响微小。活性污泥除臭单元使反应器中可溶性微生物产物（SMP）降低，并因此缓解了膜污染。.此外，活性污泥除臭系统产生了较高的细菌丰度，但其它α-和β-多样性指数差异不大。污泥群落的组装受环境选择的控制，而臭气的引入增强了环境的选择性。活性污泥除臭系统引发了更多的负相关（19.6% vs. 8.7%）和更强烈的微生物相互作用，并使某些水解细菌成为了该系统的关键微生物物种。该基于现场的研究为建立水臭同步处理的高效活性污泥系统具有非常重要的现实指导意义。.