环境规制与生产效率对奶牛家庭牧场经营规模选择的影响研究

With the increasingly serious environmental pollution problems in the process of large-scale dairy farming in our country, how to realize the ecological environment protection while improving the quality and increasing the efficiency as well as promoting the large-scale breeding development has become the focus of the whole society. Based on this, it is of great theoretical significance and reality value to explore the current increasingly strict environmental regulation and the impact of production efficiency under the environmental negative output on the choice of large-scale domestic dairy farms, and to enhance the scientific understanding of the scale management of domestic dairy farms’ value. Based on the theoretical research framework on the moderation of management scale toward family ranch under the construction of environmental restriction, through the field investigation data of dairy cattle ranch in Inner Mongolia, the environmental regulation and production efficiency during the process of breeding will be measured and analyzed. The impact of environmental regulation as well as environmental production efficiency toward large scale breeding will be discussed. Meanwhile, an in-depth study will be carried out from the various choices on the scale of family ranch from the perspective of how to decide moderate scale breeding under endogenous environment condition. Based on the above conclusions, this study will further explore and analyze the optimal combination of environmental protection and large-scale farming policies, in order to provide relevant decision-making basis for guiding the family ranch to carry out a reasonable scale of operation, to achieve environmental protection and sustainable development of dairy farming industry.

随着我国奶牛规模化养殖过程中环境污染问题的日益突出，如何在提质增效与推进规模化养殖发展的同时实现生态环境保护已成为全社会关注的重点。基于此，探讨当前日益严格的环境规制与兼顾环境负产出下的生产效率对于家庭牧场养殖规模选择的影响机理，增强对家庭牧场规模化经营行为的科学理解就具有了重要的理论意义与现实价值。本研究拟在构建环境约束下家庭牧场适度经营规模理论研究框架的基础上，通过对内蒙古奶牛家庭牧场的实地调研数据，测度与分析养殖中的环境规制与环境生产效率，探讨环境规制与环境生产效率对规模化养殖的影响，并从环境内生条件下的适度规模经营决策角度，对家庭牧场的经营规模选择问题进行深入研究。基于上述研究结论，进一步探讨和分析环境保护与规模化养殖政策的优化组合问题，以期为引导家庭牧场合理开展适度规模经营，实现环境保护与奶牛养殖业的协调可持续发展提供相关决策依据。

本研究通过对内蒙古地区奶牛养殖户规模化经营情况的细致考察，利用典型案例和微观样本调研数据详细分析了奶牛家庭牧场规模化经营发展状况，在对样本户奶牛养殖效率与当地环境规制情况有效度量的基础上，实证检验了环境规制、生产效率对奶牛家庭牧场规模化经营的影响。研究发现：内蒙古地区家庭牧场普遍采取了种养结合模式，加之养殖区域相对分散，奶牛粪污的环境污染问题并不十分突出，由此导致环境规制对规模化养殖的影响不明显；养殖效率较高的家庭牧场形成了更大的存栏规模，资源要素向高效率养殖主体集中，有助于资源配置的优化；高效率的养殖家庭更具扩大存栏规模的意愿，且其认为的适度养殖规模往往大于养殖效率较低的家庭，这可能有助于未来奶牛养殖业整体效率的提升。上述研究结论为进一步推进奶牛养殖业规模化发展提供了更具说服力的经验证据。