痕量重金属的氢化物发生-纳米微粒共振瑞利散射光谱新方法研究

Based on the high selectivity and high-performance seperation of the As and Pb hydride generation(HG) reaction, a simple and high-performance HG equipment was fabricated. In the presence of stabilizer, the screened absorber react with the hydride to form stable nanoparticle sol. Some aggregation reagents were screened, and stable aggregated nanoparticles were obtained. The nanoparticle and aggregated nanoparticles were characterized by ansoprtion, resonance Rayleigh scattering (RRS), laser scattering, Raman sacttering, electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The influence of various factors on the nanoparticles and the analytical reaction were considered, and some HG-nanoparticle RRS method was developed for the determination of trace heavy metals.To enhance the sensitivity, some nanocatalytic reactions were explored, and the analytical conditions were optimized. Thus, some highly sensitive and seletive HG-nanocatalytic RRS spectral methods for the detemination of heavy metals in real samples.

基于砷铅等重金属氢化物反应的高选择性及与样品基底的高效分离，构建简易高效的氢化物发生装置。在稳定剂存在条件下，筛选适宜的吸收剂与氢化物反应生成稳定的纳米粒子溶胶；选择适宜的纳米聚集剂，获得高稳定性聚集纳米溶胶，并对纳米溶胶和聚集纳米溶胶进行吸收光谱、共振瑞利散射光谱、电镜、X-衍射、激光散射、拉曼散射光谱表征。用共振瑞利散射（RRS）光谱研究考察盐、表面活性剂等对纳米粒子、聚集纳米粒子的影响,优化氢化物发生-纳米反应体系测定砷铅等重金属的分析条件等。发展简便快速、高选择性、高灵敏测定重金属的氢化物发生-纳米微粒RRS光谱分析新方法。为进一步提高RRS光谱法灵敏度，探索一批纳米催化反应新体系，优化纳米催化反应体系的分析条件，发展一批高灵敏高选择性的测定重金属的氢化物发生-纳米催化RRS光谱新方法，并用于实际试样分析。

重金属污染是水污染的主要问题之一，水环境中重金属含量的监测和控制已成为关系到环境保护、可持续发展和居民生活水平提高的重要问题。将氢化物发生-纳米反应和共振瑞利散射（RRS）有机结合在一起，发展一批RRS光谱定量分析重金属的新方法，具有重要意义。本课题构建了一套简易高效的氢化物发生装置；筛选了Au(III)和Ag(I)等的适宜配合剂，及银、金等纳米粒子稳定剂，获得高稳定性聚集纳米溶胶，并对纳米溶胶和聚集纳米溶胶进行吸收光谱、共振瑞利散射光谱、电镜、X-衍射、激光散射、拉曼散射光谱表征，研究了氢化物发生-纳米微粒的共振散射光谱规律。获得了一批氢化物发生-纳米微粒共振散射光谱分析新体系。探索一批纳米催化反应新体系，优化纳米催化反应体系的分析条件，提出纳米催化反应机理。发展一批高灵敏高选择性的测定Pb、Se、Bi、As及Sb等重金属的氢化物发生-纳米催化RRS光谱新方法，并用于环境、食品安全的检测。.本课题在国内外发表学术论文12篇，其中SCI、EI收录论文12篇， SCI二区论文5篇；获得授权中国发明专利7项；参加国际国内学术会议10人次，发表会议论文5篇。.同时，结合该课题研究培养硕士9名。