稀土掺杂氧化铟超细纳米线/水凝胶多孔复合结构构筑及其气敏性能研究

Triacetone triperoxide (TATP) as a violent explosive, does not contain metals and nitrogen, can be easily passed by many explosive detectors of airport and station, and has become a choice for terrorist attacks, so it is urgent to develop an effective TATP sensor to prevent or reduce terrorist incidents. To solve the problem of TATP sensors that high operating temperature and the bad response and selectivity, based on the previous experiments, conducting polymer hydrogel/rare earth doped ultrathin In2O3 nanowire porous structure is constructed, and gas sensing element is prepared. SiO2 coated rare-earth doped ultrathin In2O3 nanowires and SiO2 nanoparticles are coated with polyaniline hydrogel by in-situ polymerization, and porous composite film is obtained after spin coating and removal of SiO2 template. The regulatory rules of rare earth doping type and concentration, SiO2 templates and polymer compositing on the morphology and structure of materials are emphatically studied, the relationships of the structure and composition of materials with the gas-sensing properties are studied, and the effect of the nanostructure, rare-earth doping type and concentration, and polyaniline hydrogel on the gas sensing properties and gas sensing mechanism is discussed. This project will explore the synthesis of novel conducting polymer/metal oxide composite materials, and provide important theoretical and experimental basis for the practical application of TATP gas detection.

猛烈炸药三过氧化三丙酮（TATP）不含金属和氮元素，不易被机场和车站的炸药探测器检测，因此急需研发能有效检验TATP传感器，以防止或减少恐怖事件的发生。针对TATP气敏元件存在的高功耗、选择性差和灵敏度低等问题，本项目拟在前期实验基础上，构筑导电聚合物水凝胶/稀土掺杂In2O3超细纳米线多孔复合结构，并制作传感器件。采用原位聚合法将SiO2包覆的稀土掺杂In2O3超细纳米线和SiO2纳米颗粒进行聚苯胺水凝胶包覆，旋涂成膜并去除SiO2模板后得到多孔复合材料。重点研究稀土掺杂类型和浓度、SiO2模板和聚合物复合对复合材料结构和形貌的调控规律，建立材料的结构和组成与气敏性能的关系，阐明纳米结构、稀土掺杂类型和浓度、聚合物复合对材料气敏性能和气敏传感机制的影响。本项目的研究将探索新型导电聚合物/金属氧化物复合材料的合成方法，并对TATP气体检测的实际应用提供重要的理论基础与实验依据。

按照项目任务书中的研究计划，着重研究了In2O3超细纳米线的制备、稀土掺杂、复合及其相应的气敏特性。本项目采用溶剂热法研制不同形貌和尺寸的氧化铟和氧化钨纳米材料如超细纳米线、多孔纳米片、多孔微米花等，作为气体传感器的敏感材料。本项目采用溶剂热法，选择不同的溶剂、掺杂剂或模板剂作为导向剂，来调控半导体金属氧化物纳米材料的生长，研制出这些不同形貌的半导体金属氧化物纳米材料；用各种分析方法表征材料的晶型、形貌、尺寸、结构及比表面、孔径大小和分布；经过煅烧后，将材料制作成气体传感器并测试其气敏性能。本项目在纳米材料中添加少量稀土或其他元素进行掺杂进一步提高气敏性能，如在氧化铟超细纳米线中分别掺入Gd和Yb；在氧化钨超细纳米线中分别掺杂Fe和Sn，可以大大地提高其气敏性能，并研究了掺杂类型和掺杂量对气敏性能的影响。该研究可指导新型敏感材料的开发、提高气体传感器的性能和拓宽其应用领域。此外还研究了碳/氧化铟纳米片、碳/氧化钨超细纳米线网、氧化钨细纳米线缠绕包覆Si复合材料的储锂性能等，扩展了半导体金属氧化物的应用领域。部分研究成果在Journal of Materials Chemistry A、Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical、Electrochimica Acta等刊物发表SCI论文10篇。申请国家发明专利11项，获授权的国家发明专利4项。