基于三维叉指纳米电极阵列的超高能量存储密度的静电电容器

Electrostatic capacitors are widely used as parts of electrical circuits in many common electrical devices. Traditional electrostatic capacitors,as energy storage devices, have very high power densities.However, their very low energy density has limited their widely applications in the field of energy storage.Therefore, it is very important to develop next generation nano-structured electrostatic capacitors with not only high power density but also high energy density. In this proposal, we plan to carry out the designs, fabrications for the new-structured electrostatic capacitors constructed with three dimensional interdigital electrodes basing on anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) template technique, as well as the investigations on device properties. First, a new-structured AAO with two kinds of pores would be synthesized through mild anodization, hard anodization and wet chemical etching. Then carbon nanotube arrays could be deposited in the two kinds of pores of the AAO as the two electrodes of the new-structured electrostatic capacitors. In the device, large specific surface area of the electrodes could provide high specific capacitance, meanwhile, the uniform thickness of the pore walls and barrier layers could ensure high operation voltage.So the electrostatic capacitors could become highly viarable energy storage systems possessing both high power density and high energy density. The relationships between the microstructure of the AAO and the performance of the electrostatic capacitors would be investigated through computer simulations, which can guide the process of experiments. In this project, we aim to develop new-structured electrostatic capacitors with high power density, especially whose energy density is comparable with battery. These studies are of important significances to exploitation, storage and use of new energy sources.

静电电容器虽然具有高的功率密度，但其能量存储密度却很低，因此很难作为电能存储器件广泛应用。如果能在保持静电电容器具有高功率密度的同时，提高其能量存储密度，则对其在电能存储领域的应用具有重要意义。本项目打破传统的纳米静电电容器结构的模式，研发以新型孔结构的多孔阳极氧化铝模板为载体(电介质)、三维叉指纳米管阵列为对电极的新型纳米结构静电电容器。通过多孔氧化铝大的比表面积来保证电容器具有较高比电容的同时，利用氧化铝模板均匀厚度的孔壁及圆弧形结构的障碍层来保证电容器具有较高的工作电压，提高电容器能量存储密度。研究新型孔结构的阳极氧化铝模板的可控制备技术；研究在这种多孔模板中生长高质量纳米管阵列的方法；研究氧化铝模板和纳米管的结构参数对静电电容器综合性能的影响规律，在此基础上获得能量存储密度可与电池相媲美、具有高功率存储密度的静电电容器。该项研究对电能的存储和再利用具有重要的科学意义与实际应用价值。

静电电容器具有高功率密度，但能量密度很低。如果能在保持静电电容器具有高的功率密度的同时，提高能量存储密度，则对去在电能存储领域的应用具有非常重要的意义。本项目探索了新型结构有序多孔氧化铝模板的合成方法，制备了具有纳米叉指型孔的氧化铝模板；以此模板为基础，在新型结构氧化铝模板叉指型孔中沉积碳纳米管作为叉指型纳米阵列电极，以该氧化铝模板孔壁作为介电层，制备出了具有纳米叉指型电极的静电电容器。.新型结构的电介质电容器叉指型电极较大的比表面积，能有效存储大量电荷；电介层是通过阳极氧化铝自发形成的均匀厚度的孔壁及圆弧形的障碍层，确保了电容器具有很高的击穿电压，以此电介质电容器的电荷存储能力大幅提高，其能量密度可达到2 Wh/kg，这是目前所有报道中的最高值。这种新型结构电介质电容器，有望作为电源或混合动力源，用于高功率或需要较高能量密度的相关领域。.项目组顺利完成了研究任务，实现了预期目标。为构建纳米叉指型电介质电容器提供了科学依据、奠定了相关材料基础。发表论文3篇，另有几篇相关论文准备投稿。具有叉指纳米电极的电介质电容器相关研究成果发表在Science Advances上，相关研究结果申请专利一项。