基于参数化散射模型的三维SAR目标电磁特征提取方法研究

Electromagnetic feature extraction of target is a fundamental and intractable problem in SAR imagery interpretation and target recognition, especially for three- dimensional SAR. Though quite a few attempts have been made by foreign researchers on this topic, the problem is far from being resolved, and in our country it is still in its infancy. Based on the achievements of previous work on electromagnetic feature extraction from monostatic 2D SAR imagery,this project aims to explore the intractable problem of target feature extraction from 3D SAR. Beginning with the understanding of the mechanism of electromagnetic scattering, and taking the geometry of SAR imaging into account, the relations of target scattering characteristics between bistatic and monostatic of 2D SAR, 2D and 3D SAR have been analyzed in depth and also some reasonable simplification and approximation have been made. Then a generalized parametric scattering model which is applicable to both monostatic and bistatic 3-D SAR under certain circumstances is constructed. Finally, the corresponding electromagnetic feature extraction method is presented. It is believed that once this project is accomplished, it will greatly promote and accelerate the research and application of SAR especially for 3D SAR target electromagnetic modeling, imaging, imagery interpretation, feature extraction, inversion, visualization, recognition and so on. And the great value of this proposal both in theory and practice is deemed to be anticipated.

目标电磁特征提取是SAR图像解译与目标识别中的基础性难题，特别是对三维SAR而言。目前，国际上针对该问题的研究还很不成熟，国内尚处起步阶段。本项目在国内外特别是项目组已有基于参数化散射模型的二维SAR目标电磁特征提取方法研究基础上，瞄准三维SAR目标电磁特征提取这一基础性难题展开研究。具体地，本项目拟在基于参数化散射模型的单站二维SAR目标电磁特征提取方法研究基础上，从目标电磁散射机理出发，结合SAR成像几何，通过深入分析双站与单站、三维与二维SAR目标电磁散射特性之间的关系并对其进行合理的简化与近似，建立在一定条件下对单、双站三维SAR均适用的目标参数化散射模型，并提出相应的电磁特征提取方法。本项目研究一旦取得突破，将全面促进SAR特别是三维SAR目标电磁建模、成像、图像解译、特征提取、反演与可视化以及识别等技术的研究与应用，具有重要的理论与实际意义。

目标电磁特征提取是SAR图像解译与目标识别中的基础性难题，特别是对三维SAR而言。目前，国际上针对该问题的研究还很不成熟，国内尚处起步阶段。本项目在国内外以及项目组已有研究基础上，对三维SAR目标电磁特征提取问题进行了研究与探索，初步研究了三维SAR目标参数化散射模型的建立及三维SAR目标电磁特征提取方法，并通过电磁仿真数据进行了初步的实验验证与分析。本项目为进一步深入研究三维SAR目标电磁建模、特征提取问题提供了基础。