急性眼内压升高对猕猴视觉皮层功能影响的研究

Primary angle closure glaucoma, often presenting as acute intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation, has been a characteristic eye disease in China, since its prevalence is higher in our country than that in western countries. With elevated IOP, the retinal ganglion cells will die, causing impairment of visual perception function in patients. However, for acute attack of primary angle closure glaucoma, given its unpredicted range and duration of IOP elevation, as well as optical complications with continuous IOP elevation, the exact impact of acute IOP elevation on visual perception function remains unclear. Visual perception of primate comes from visual cortex, and its basic function mainly includes form, motion and color vision. To date, physiological assessment of the consequences of acute IOP elevation upon visual function in primate cortex has been lacking. In this project, we will use macaque monkey, which is the closest species to humans, as our experimental model. Anterior chamber perfusion will be performed to elevate IOP briefly and keep optical media clear. Combining intrinsic optical imaging, we will compare the effect of acute IOP elevation on the neural population responses to form, motion direction and color visual stimuli in different visual areas, thus will reveal how acute glaucoma affects different visual functions in humans and will provide experimental evidence for protecting visual function from high IOP diseases clinically.

原发性闭角型青光眼是我国特色的眼科疾病，常以眼内压急性升高的表现形式发生，其发病率要远高于西方国家。随着眼内压的升高，视网膜神经节细胞逐渐凋亡，最终造成患者视知觉功能的损害。但是，急性青光眼大发作时眼内压升高幅度和持续时间常常不确定，且持续高眼压会引起屈光介质混浊，因此限制了临床评估急性高眼压直接对视知觉功能的影响。灵长类视知觉产生于视皮层，其基本功能主要包括形状、运动和颜色视觉，目前尚缺乏有关急性眼内压升高对灵长类视觉皮层功能影响的直接生理学证据。针对该领域研究的匮乏，本课题使用与人类视觉系统最为接近的猕猴为实验模型，进行相对短暂前房灌注以急性升高眼内压，同时保持屈光介质清晰。结合内源性光学成像方法系统研究急性高眼压状态下猕猴视皮层不同脑区群体神经元对形状、运动和颜色视觉刺激的反应规律，从而揭示人类急性青光眼是如何影响不同视觉功能，为临床处理急性高眼压疾病的视功能保护决策提供实验依据。

本课题首先建立猕猴急性高眼压模型，通过对猕猴实验眼进行前房穿刺进行短暂眼内压升高调控，同时保持屈光介质清晰。应用经典的在体内源性光学成像技术，检测记录视觉皮层不同脑区（V1、V2和V4区）群体神经元对形状、运动以及颜色刺激视觉刺激的功能反应特征和规律，定量、系统研究了急性眼内压升高对不同视觉刺激模式、不同细胞类型的功能影响差异，同时进一步探索急性眼压内升高损害视觉功能的皮层机制，发现急性高眼压状态下蓝黄色觉是最易受损的视功能。揭示了人类急性青光眼是如何影响不同视觉功能，为临床处理急性高眼压疾病的视功能保护决策提供实验依据。