基于烯丙基化二元胺与双马来酰亚胺的可控树脂化机理及性能研究

Bismaleimide (BMI) resin possesses outstanding processability and wet-hot aging performance, hence it has wide application prospect for resin matrix of Advanced Polymer Composites (APC) in high and new technology, such as aviation, aerospace industry. However, there are some key technical problems, such as disunity of toughness, heat resistance and processability, uncontrollable resinification process, which severly impact the application of BMI as high performance resin matrix. From the perspective of molecular design, in this project we will synthesize a series of allyl diamine as BMI modifier. According to the Gaussian calculation, we analyze the reactivity and key influence factors of step-by-step polymerization between modifiers and BMI, and establish an effective method to describe the reaction to clarify the mechanism of controllable resinification for BMI. The impact of molecular structure and process conditions on the performance of prepolymers is investigated to illustrate the intrinsic relationship between structure and performance. The toughness, heat resistance and processability of the prepolymers would be improved by controlling their chemical structure and chain length. This project proposes a new thinking for modifying BMI to provide a series of high performance resin matrix applied in high-tech fields, and has important theoretical research and practical application value.

双马来酰亚胺（BMI）树脂具有优异的成型工艺性和耐湿热性能，作为先进复合材料的树脂基体在航空、航天工业等高新技术领域具有广阔的应用前景。然而，改性BMI树脂仍然存在韧性、耐热性及工艺性不统一，树脂化过程不可控等关键技术问题，严重制约了其作为高性能树脂基体的推广应用。本项目中从分子设计角度出发，合成一系列烯丙基化二元胺BMI改性剂；采用高斯计算理论方法，研究改性剂与BMI分步预聚反应的活性及关键影响因素，建立定量描述预聚反应过程的有效方法，阐明BMI可控树脂化的机理；研究改性剂的分子结构、预聚条件等对预聚物性能的影响，揭示预聚物的结构与性能之间的内在联系；通过控制支化预聚物的分子结构和链段长度实现树脂及其复合材料韧性、耐热性和工艺性的统一。本项目中提出了一种BMI共聚改性的新思路，旨在为高新技术领域用先进复合材料提供一系列高性能树脂基体，具有重要的理论研究与实际应用价值。

双马来酰亚胺（BMI）树脂具有优异的成型工艺性和耐湿热性能，作为先进复合材料的树脂基体在航空、航天工业等高新技术领域具有广阔的应用前景。然而，改性BMI树脂仍然存在韧性、耐热性及工艺性不统一，树脂化过程不可控等关键技术问题，严重制约了其作为高性能树脂基体的推广应用。本项目中从分子设计角度出发，合成l两种烯丙基化二元胺BMI改性剂（EDA、EEDA），优化合成工艺参数，揭示结构与性能间的内在关系，为新型改性剂结构的设计与合成提供指导；研究了新型烯丙基化二元胺改性BMI树脂的性能，揭示了改性剂结构与树脂性能之间的关系，改性树脂体系的力学性能尤其是冲击强度可提高一倍；制备了氨基改性氧化石墨烯（FGO)/ BMI共聚树脂体系，结果表明树脂固化物具有优异的耐热性能，冲击强度提高一倍；合成同时含有氰基和芴基结构的双马来酰亚胺，氰基和酚酞结构的双马来酰亚胺低聚物（PCBMI，MCBMI），对其结构和性能进行表征和研究，并研究其改性二苯甲烷型双马来酰亚胺(BDM)的树脂体系以及其复合材料的性能，制备了含氰基与酚酞侧基溶解性好，力学和耐热性能优异的均相双马来酰亚胺三嗪树脂。本项目中提出的一种BMI共聚改性的新思路，为高新技术领域用先进复合材料提供一系列高性能树脂基体，具有重要的理论研究与实际应用价值。