电子束辐照接枝制备无机钛层包覆的超高分子量聚乙烯纤维及其复合材料

The grafting of acrylic acid onto ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) was conducted with an electron beam pre-irradiation induced graft polymerization method in air, and the sample after grafting is coded as UHMWPE-g-PAA. UHMWPE-g-PAA was soaked in the solution of titanium tetrachloride and silane oligomer in trichloromethane, then UHMWPE-g-PAA will react with titanium tetrachloride and silane oligomer quickly. After the reaction finished, the surface of UHMWPE-g-PAA will be coated with inorganic layer, at the same time, a reactive functional group will also be introduced on the surface of UHMWPE-g-PAA, and the final product is coded as INO-UHMWPE. In order to obtain optimized fiber-reinforced material with good craft, excellent mechanical properties and heat resistance, the influence of irradiation dosage, monomer concentration, and catalyst, reaction temperature on UHMWPE fiber was investigated. A novel kind of fiber-reinforced epoxy composites based on epoxy resin, a common thermosetting resin, and INO-UHMEPE fiber is developed, moreover, the effects of surface nature of INO-UHMWPE fiber and thus the interface feature of the composites as well as the content of INO-UHMWPE fiber on the mechanical and the thermal properties of the composites are also evaluated.

本课题拟以超高分子量聚乙烯（UHMWPE）纤维在高性能复合材料中的应用为背景，以大幅度提高现有UHMWPE纤维耐热性并改善纤维表面与树脂相容性为目标。使用电子束（EB）辐照技术引发丙烯酸单体与UHMWPE纤维发生接枝聚合反应，制备接枝丙烯酸的UHMWPE纤维（UHMWPE-g-PAA）。UHMWPE-g-PAA在四氯化钛和硅烷低聚物的三氯甲烷溶液中回流，获得表面包覆无机二氧化钛及表面具有活性反应官能团的新型纤维增强材料。通过研究UHMWPE纤维在0.5和1.5 MeV电子加速器上的连续辐照及接枝工艺，构建辐照剂量、单体浓度、反应液组分配比、反应温度等实验条件对改性UHMWPE纤维的影响，获得具有良好工艺性、优异力学性能和耐热性的新型高性能纤维增强材料。使用制备的新型纤维和环氧树脂复合，探索新型纤维增强环氧树脂的新工艺，同时构建纤维接枝率及其复合材料性能之间的关系。

本课题以辐照技术在超高分子量聚乙烯（UHMWPE）纤维中的应用为背景，以提高UHMWPE纤维的综合性能并拓展其应用范围为目标。使用共辐照接枝技术引发γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷（MAPS）与UHMWPE纤维发生接枝聚合反应，制备了接枝MAPS的UHMWPE纤维（UHMWPE-g-PMAPS）。UHMWPE-g-PMAPS通过两种不同的技术路线分别与四氯化钛和钛酸四丁酯反应制备了表面包覆钛层的新型纤维增强材料。通过红外、XPS、SEM、XRD、TG、DSC、紫外吸收及单丝强度测试等研究包覆钛层工艺对纤维结构的影响。使用该材料与环氧树脂复合制备了UHMWPE-g-PMAPS/TiO2增强的复合材料。针对高温固化对纤维结构的影响，研发了室温辐照固化的新型树脂。将制备钛层的工艺在棉布上应用后，制备了耐洗涤、超疏水的新型有机-无机杂化材料。