基于类富勒烯碳的纳米复合光热转换涂层的制备及热稳定性研究

Photo-thermal conversion coating is one of the key technologies in solar energy thermal utilization, it has an important guiding significance for designing the high efficiency solar collector. Metal-dielectric composite (cerment) coating is the most commonly used type of photo-thermal conversion coating, but it also has the disadvantage of poor high-temperature resistance and corrosion resistance due to its chemical activity and metal nanoparticles diffusion in it. Therefore, to solve this issue, the project is aimed at studying and employing the fullerene-like structured carbon materials with outstanding physical and chemical properties into the application of solar photo-thermal field. According to the design principle of solar-thermal conversion coating and considering the advantages such as high-melting, high hardness and chemical stability of metal carbide, we choose Ⅳ-Ⅶ family of transition metal (Ti, Cr, W, Zr, etc) as the doping elements and the fullerene-like carbon as amorphous matrix in developing a new photo-thermal conversion coating-nanocrystalline metal carbide/fullerene-like carbon composite photo-thermal conversion coating, which possesses high stability, long-life and outstanding weather resistance is also implemented to drastically improve the high-temperature resistance and corrosion resistance and to meet the demand of practical application. Studying how the inner micro-structure effect optical absorption properties, corrosion resistance and high-temperature resistance of the coating, which has significant meaning both industrially and theoretically for the fullerene-like carbon film adhibition in solar photo-thermal field. Establishing the relationship mode of fabricating technology-structure-performance of fullerene-like carbon based photo-thermal conversion coating. This project will provide more practical and theoretical basis to the fullerene-like carbon films expand adhibition in solar thermal applicition.

光热转换涂层是太阳能光热利用的核心关键之一，对于主动设计高效太阳能集热器具有重要的指导意义。金属—介质复合型涂层是最常用的一类光热转换涂层，但掺杂金属纳米颗粒的高温扩散性和化学活性导致该类涂层的耐高温和抗环境腐蚀能力较差。本课题拟将具有优异物理和化学性能的类富勒烯碳应用于光热转换涂层，从光热转换涂层的设计原理出发，选择能与碳形成稳定碳化物的Ⅳ－Ⅶ族过渡金属（Ti、C、W、Zr等）作掺杂元素，以类富勒烯碳为非晶基质，通过纳米复合，设计、制备一种基于类富勒烯碳的新型光热转换涂层－纳米晶金属碳化物/类富勒烯碳复合光热转换涂层，克服传统金属掺杂所带来的缺点，显著提高涂层的耐高温和抗腐蚀性能，满足实际应用需求。从宏观到微观角度认知涂层内在结构对其光吸收、耐高温和抗腐蚀性能的影响，建立类富勒烯碳基光热转换涂层的制备工艺－结构－性能的关系模型，为拓展其在太阳能光热领域的应用提供理论依据和实践经验。

作为在户外使用的太阳能集热器的吸热表面，光热转换涂层必须具备优异的抗环境腐蚀能力。基于此，我们研究了非晶碳纳米结构的低温转变机制，为低温度下实现碳同素异形体之间的相变提供了一个很有前景的方法；成功制备出具有丰富色彩的Al–AlN光热转换涂层，很好的满足了太阳能集热器与建筑一体化的发展需求，具有重要的应用前景；设计制备了一种可用于光热转换涂层的新型AlN减反射层，为新型减反射层的设计提供了新思路；首次将自掺杂概念引入到光热转换涂层的制备，发展了一种有限反应溅射技术，简化了光热转换涂层的制备工艺，降低了涂层的制备成本，非常适合大规模和低成本的工业化生产；成功制备了超强抗腐蚀性能的Al–AlNxOy 金属陶瓷光热转换涂层，经过2000 h 中性盐雾试验后，涂层仍具有高的吸收率(0.924)和低的发射率(0.116)，涂层的耐腐蚀性明显优于已报道的所有该类商业和实验室涂层；设计制备了一种超薄、柔性WOx基光热转换涂层，涂层厚度只有100 nm左右，远低于同类涂层的厚度（通常为150~500nm），非常适合用于柔性和可穿戴的太阳能光热吸收涂层；制备了一种结构性能更加稳定，环境适应性更好的自掺杂Mo-MoOx多层渐变光热转换涂层；在柔性PET和PI薄膜以及棉布和涤纶织物上制备了Me-MeOx基光热转换涂层，在户外阴天的自然光照射下，织物涂层的表面稳态温度可以达到10～11 ºC，与空白织物相比较，其温度差接近6 ºC，可以有效的温暖人的身体；参与完成了国内首条宽幅金属带材“空到空”连续真空镀光热转换涂层成套装备的研发工作，实现了金属带材制备高性能太阳选择性吸收膜的完整工艺流程；在自行设计的超长金属管真空镀膜设备上实现了在4米长不锈钢管上镀制耐高温光热涂层，涂层颜色均匀、致密，附着力良好，已先后应用于甘肃、西藏、新疆、青海等地的多个光热发电项目。已完成项目的研究内容，项目执行期间在Nano Energy, Small，J. Mater. Chem. A，Solar RRL，Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells等知名期刊发表学术论文18篇，其中SCI论文17篇（影响因子10以上的6篇，封面论文2篇，邀请综述1篇，高倍引论文1篇），中文核心论文1篇，申请国家发明专利9件。