燃煤电站多污染物脱除过程的耦合机制研究

In order to save energy and protect environment, the optimization control technology about pollutants on flue gas in coal-fired power plant, has an important significance for improving combustion characteristics of coal and low pollutant emission. In order to comprehensively implement the national desulfurization and denitration and mercury emission control requirements, the adjustment method and optimization strategy are put forward on influencing factors about mercury indirect removal and desulfurization and denitrification process, and it is explored how the fine PM2.5 particles containing the contaminant flow and remove in the flue gas.The key theoretical questions of denitration catalyst surface and desulfurization are studied in interrelationships of the factors. The various factors about their absorption situation can be obtained, which determine the key factors and reaction conditions. The reaction mechanism and the coupling effect of several feature operation modes in coal-fired plants are obtained. Based on the proposed optimization theory, the control operation strategy of pollutants can be established by experiments through actual power plants.On this basis, the optimized emission technological application of Hg/SO2/NOx/PM integration in flue gas in different conditions is developed throgh the coupling and synergism of multi- pollutant.

为节约能源及保护环境，国家已对常规燃煤电厂都实施了脱硫、脱硝、脱汞及除尘的排放控制要求，目前面临各污染物处理时的高效及协同优化问题，其中在各脱除环节中的耦合机制问题是亟待加以研究解决的。本项目提出对实际燃煤电厂烟气中脱硝、脱硫及除尘的关键影响因素及耦合机制研究,并探讨含这些污染物的飞灰细颗粒在烟气流动过程中的迁移转化规律。研究吸收吸附的效果及各因素之间的相互影响，进而确定各关键因素及反应条件，研究燃煤机组的典型特征运行方式下的多污染物反应机理和耦合作用机制，采用可调关键参数进行实际电厂试验，并完成数据分析及化验表征，以便通过理论建模分析来研究污染物脱除的耦合及协同效应，这将为脱除烟气中Hg/SO2/NOx/PM的综合优化排放技术应用奠定基础。

为节约能源及保护环境，国家对常规燃煤电厂都实施了脱硫、脱硝及除尘的排放控制要求，由此也面临着各污染物处理时的高效脱除及催化剂性能适应问题，及各脱除环节中的协调控制任务，这对优化煤电结构、提高能源利用率和抑制污染物排放具有重要的基础性作用。进行了掺杂Co的燃烧催化还原程度研究，及湿度对于材料性能的影响，利用催化剂氧化铬研究实现催化燃烧，并比较与其它贵金属和钙钛矿的效果；研究了在添加CaO和V-TiO2时的煤与生物质混燃时的催化助燃脱硫脱硝效果；进行了基于石墨烯的催化活性研究，提出调控的关键策略，并进行脱硫废水的催化剂改性提高其吸附脱除能力。进行了常规燃煤电厂的实际测试数据分析优化，研究多污染物的协同控制技术；通过降低进入环保岛入口的温度，及采用低低温技术降低烟气体积和比电阻等实现污染物减排；通过对燃煤电厂烟气中脱硝、脱硫及除尘的关键影响因素及耦合机制研究，分析污染物脱除的各关键参数及反应优化条件，实现燃煤污染物一体化控制。