黄脊竹蝗趋泥行为激发的驱动力机制研究

Mud-puddling behavior is thought to be a proprietary form of supplementary feeding in the insects with siphoning mouthparts and sucking mouthparts such as butterflies and moths, and it is a central issue in evolutionary biology. Although the natural history of the puddling phenomenon in herbivorous arthropods becomes better known, the driving mechanism of puddling in insects still remains virtually unexplored and common explanations are still lacking experimental evidences because the comparative studies between the species with different mouthparts are rare. The yellow-spined bamboo locust, Ceracris kiangsu Tsai puddling on urine is the first published record of puddling behavior in an insect with chewing mouthparts, and shows to be significantly different from the previous reports. For a better understanding the driving mechanisms of the puddling phenomenon in insects and a clear answer to the question ‘why does the yellow-spined bamboo locust puddle on human urine?’, the concentration and location of water, sodium and nitrogen in the bamboo locust body will be analyzed, and the relationship between puddling phenomenon of bamboo locust with searching for water and dissolved nutrients will be discussed as well. On the other hand, the influence of puddling behavior of the yellow-spined bamboo locust on the physiological fitness in flight and reproduction of adults will be tested and discussed. We believe that the results of this project would be helpful to deeply understand the driving mechanism of mud-puddling behavior in insects with chewing mouthparts, and develop a new a scope to better target attracticide which is effective to control insects and environment friendly in bio-control methods using bio-characteristics of pest insects.

趋泥行为被认为是吸收式口器昆虫特有的补充营养行为，是进化生物学的重要内容，但因缺乏不同类型昆虫间的对比研究，其激发的驱动力机制尚不明确。本研究围绕咀嚼式口器昆虫——黄脊竹蝗的趋泥行为，在前期明确其行为机制的基础上，以比较不同口器昆虫趋泥行为的异同为切入点，一方面分析趋泥行为发生与不同发育阶段黄脊竹蝗对水分、钠盐及氮素摄取的关系；另一方面，探究趋泥行为对黄脊竹蝗飞行生理及生殖生理的影响，评价其在竹蝗迁飞及后代繁育中的作用。最后对两方面试验数据进行综合分析，探究黄脊竹蝗趋泥行为发生的驱动力机制及其性别差异，以期明确趋泥行为发生与水、钠盐及氮素摄取的关系，回答黄脊竹蝗为何趋泥等关键科学问题。所获结果不仅有助于全面了解咀嚼式口器昆虫的趋泥行为，而且可为深入揭示趋泥行为的进化生物学及生态学意义提供重要基础信息，也可为研发高效、环境友好的诱杀剂用于黄脊竹蝗的行为调控提供新的思路和关键信息。

“竹蝗趋尿”是首例经报道的咀嚼式口器昆虫的趋泥行为。本研究针对这一特殊行为，利用行为生测、生理解剖学及电镜生理学等一系列技术一方面测定了黄脊竹蝗雌、雄成虫在发生趋泥行为过程中体内水分、钠盐及氮素含量及分布的变化规律，分析竹蝗趋泥行为与水、钠盐及氮素摄取间的关系。另一方面探究趋泥行为在黄脊竹蝗成虫飞行肌生长、雄虫精子形成及雌虫生殖系统发育中的作用。主要有如下结果：.（1）补充水分是黄脊竹蝗“趋泥”的动力之一。黄脊竹蝗成虫对经去离子水处理的滤纸访问次数及停留时间均多于干滤纸，且发生趋泥行为的黄脊竹蝗成虫体内含水率较未发生趋泥行为的竹蝗有显著提升。发生趋泥行为的黄脊竹蝗雌虫显著多于雄虫（♀:♂=7.75:1），可能与雌虫体型较大密切相关。另外，在高湿度栖境中活动也是黄脊竹蝗维持体内水分平衡的重要途径。.（2）蜕皮是造成竹蝗氮素损失的重要原因，羽化期是N损失的重要时期。N素损失可能是激发黄脊竹蝗成虫趋泥行为的重要原因。.（3）趋泥行为可显著影响雌雄成虫飞行肌发育速率，能较快速的促进飞行肌发育成熟（P<0.01）；发生趋泥行为的成虫在羽化后飞行肌重量快速达到正常水平，而对照则延后3~6d。同时，发生趋泥行为的雌虫卵黄蛋白积累速率高于对照。而发生趋泥行为的雄虫精巢发育速度显著快于对照。.（4）趋泥行为能显著增加雄虫的交配竞争能力，同时显著增加了成虫的寿命和交配次数。.（5）研发了黄脊竹蝗高效诱杀剂，24h内单个诱捕器的诱杀量可达639.4 ± 48.14头，实践表明应用人工配制的引诱剂诱杀黄脊竹蝗能显著降低林间成虫的种群数量，且能杀死大量雌虫。.上述研究结果为深入了解昆虫趋泥行为的生物学及生态学意义提供新的重要基础信息。