稀疏信标点无线传感网分布式免测距定位方法研究

Due to low cost and good robustness, distributed range-free localization scheme is regarded as the first choice for localization in wireless sensor networks with low-density anchors. Considering traditional range-free localization algorithms cannot give good performance on accuracy, complexity and data collisions, this proposal investigates a distributed range-free localization method for wireless sensor networks with low-density anchors. In order to improve the accuracy, new algorithms will be proposed to make best use of connectivity information between sensor nodes, then to build and solve dynamic game optimization model. To reduce the complexity of algorithms with less damage on the accuracy performance, adaptive simplified optimization methods are proposed based on network connectivity and transmission reliability. To reduce localization data collisions, a distributed medium access control method is proposed to dynamically adjust transmission time of localization data. The main research topics include distributed localization algorithms whose accuracy can approach lower bound of range-free localization schemes, optimization methods that can reduce computational complexity and network complexity, and collision avoidance methods. This proposal has deep research on distributed localization theory and technique, providing a new research tool for distributed localization problem in wireless sensor networks with low-density anchors. The distributed range-free localization research contributions can be widely used in a variety of target positioning applications such as environmental protection, fire service and mine safety.

分布式免测距定位技术凭借低成本和高鲁棒性，成为稀疏信标点无线传感器网络的首选定位方法。本项目针对传统免测距定位方法在定位精确度、复杂度和定位信息碰撞等方面的问题，拟探索一种适用于稀疏信标点无线传感网的分布式免测距定位方法。其核心思想是通过最大化利用节点之间网络连接信息，建立并求解最优化动态博弈模型，从而有效提高定位精确度；通过以网络连接和传输可靠性为依据的自适应优化方法，在兼顾精确度的同时降低算法复杂度；通过动态调整定位信息发送时间的分布式媒质接入方法，有效减少定位信息碰撞。研究内容主要包括可逼近免测距定位误差理论下界的分布式定位算法、计算复杂度和网络复杂度的优化方法以及定位信息碰撞避免方法的研究。本项目是对分布式定位理论与技术研究的进一步深化，为解决稀疏信标点无线传感网分布式定位问题探索一种新的研究手段。分布式免测距定位方法研究成果将在环保、消防、矿井等目标定位领域具有广泛的应用前景。

免测距定位技术凭借低成本和高鲁棒性，成为稀疏信标点无线传感器网络的首选定位方法。本项目针对传统免测距定位方法在定位精确度、复杂度和定位信息碰撞等方面的问题，提出适用于稀疏信标点无线传感网的分布式免测距定位方法。为提高定位精确度，本项目首先推算出免测距定位误差理论下界，然后提出以误差下界为参考的免测距定位算法；为降低算法复杂度，本项目提出以网络连接关系为约束的分布式优化方法，在减小计算复杂度和网络开销的同时尽量弱化对精确度的影响；为有效减少定位信息的碰撞，本项目提出基于协议序列的媒质接入控制方法。计算与仿真结果表明，与现有免测距定位方法相比，本项目所提出的分布式免测距定位方法在定位精确度、算法复杂度和信息防碰撞方面有大幅性能改善。具体地，本项目所推算的免测距定位误差下界更接近真实值，所提出的免测距定位方法比现有方法在定位精确度方面有20%到60%的性能提升，所提出的分布式免测距定位方法比集中式方法在算法复杂度方面分别至少减小了90%，所提出的媒质接入控制方法与现有方法相比能将定位信息成功发送概率提高接近50%。本项目通过对分布式定位理论与技术的深入研究，为解决稀疏信标点无线传感网分布式定位问题探索出一种新的研究手段，相应研究成果可广泛应用于环保、消防、矿井等目标定位领域。