CDK4/6 can regulate G1-S transition of cell cycle and promote cells to enter the mitotic phase. They are often highly activated in the tumor cells and one of their specific inhibitors has been approved by FDA. FLT3 is a member of the growth factor receptor family, which is closely related to leukemia, such as AML. Besides, FLT3 mutations often indicate poor prognosis of AML. FLT3 can activate CDK4/6 by its downstream signaling factors, thus promoting the proliferation of tumor cells. Simultaneous inhibition of CDK4/6 and FLT3 will block tumor progress synergistically by antagonizing the mitotic signaling pathways and arresting the cell cycle. And it may help to overcome the drug resistance of tumor cells, too. In early stage of the project, a class of new compounds were discovered with potent CDK4/6 and FLT3 (WT and mutant) inhibitory activities, by using the fragment-based drug design method. They can inhibit the growth of tumor cell lines including the leukemia cell line in vitro, comparable with the performance of the positive control AT-7519. However, these compounds still possessed CDK1/2 inhibitory activity; while CDK1/2 inhibition always induced strong side effects. Therefore, this project will be committed to optimizing the structures of target compounds in order to reduce the inhibitory potency against CDK1/2 and maintain the inhibitory activity against CDK4/6 and FLT3 (WT and mutant). Overall, this project will be a solid foundation for developing novel FLT3 and CDK4/6 specific inhibitors as antitumor drugs.
CDK4/6可调控细胞周期G1-S过渡,促进细胞开始有丝分裂,在肿瘤细胞中常过度活化。FLT3属于生长因子受体家族,与AML等白血病直接相关,易突变且预后不良。FLT3可通过下游信号通路激活CDK4/6,两者协同促进肿瘤细胞增殖。因而,CDK4/6和FLT3抑制剂可通过对抗有丝分裂信号和阻滞细胞周期等两种机制,发挥协同抗肿瘤作用,且有助于克服耐药性。此前利用基于片段的设计手段发现了一类对CDK4/6、FLT3及其突变型均有良好抑制活性的新颖化合物,在体外可抑制白血病等细胞株的生长,与AT-7519等阳性对照药表现相当。但化合物对CDK1/2的抑制活性也较好,而该抑制作用是导致CDK抑制剂具有较强毒副作用的重要原因。因此项目将在前期基础上,优化分子结构,尝试降低化合物对CDK1/2的活性,同时保持对CDK4/6、FLT3及其突变型的良好活性,为最终获得具有突出抗肿瘤活性的新颖化合物打下基础。
急性髓性白血病(AML)发病机制复杂,临床治疗手段匮乏,标准化疗方案仍然是目前主要的治疗手段。FLT3是受体酪氨酸蛋白激酶,FLT3通路的失调与白血病的发生发展密切相关,靶向FLT3抑制剂的开发为AML的治疗带来新的希望。目前已有多个FLT3抑制剂进入临床研究。本项目以FN-1501为先导化合物,设计合成了70个结构全新的吡唑甲酰胺类化合物。在激酶和细胞水平评价所有化合物的生物活性,并且对优选化合物进行了体内药代动力学和体内抗肿瘤活性的评价,并初步研究了其抗AML的作用机制。.化合物I-3-5对FLT3和CDK4/6均具有较强抑制活性(IC50 < 5 nM),对CDK2抑制活性较弱(IC50:161 nM)。化合物I-3-5对AML细胞MV4-11的IC50值为0.045 μM。但体内生物利用度实验表明,该化合物口服吸收效果一般。化合物II-2-15的激酶谱筛选结果表明,该化合物选择性抑制FLT3的活性(IC50:0.19 nM),而且对多种突变型FLT3也具有显著的抑制活性,IC50小于16 nM。I-3-5对小鼠MV4-11异种移植模型表现出较好的抑瘤效果,连续给药3周后,肿瘤增长抑制率为88%。而口服给药组也表现出一定的抑瘤活性。同时,在较大剂量下动物体重没有发生明显变化,表明化合物I-3-5体内安全性较高。.II-2-15对细胞株MV4-11和MOLM-13的IC50分别为0.016 μM和0.037 μM,对其它FLT3低表达的细胞株抑制活性较弱。机制研究表明,化合物II-2-15的抗肿瘤活性与其诱导细胞凋亡和对FLT3及其下游信号通路的抑制相关。化合物III-2-7对FLT3具有显著的抑制活性(IC50:0.62 nM),对CDK2和CDK6的抑制活性较弱(IC50分别为98.3 nM和121.6 nM)。另外,III-2-7对多种突变型FLT3也均表现出显著的抑制活性。化合物III-2-7对MV4-11的IC50为0.0329 μ M。化合物III-2-7在小鼠体内的生物利用度为33%。.综上所述,通过对FN-1501的结构改造,我们发现了高选择性、高活性和耐突变的FLT3抑制剂II-2-15和III-2-7,I-3-5具有显著的抗AML活性,有望成为新一代靶向FLT3的抗AML药物。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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