基于反应诱致微相分离机理的双连续相环氧热固性树脂超滤膜的结构与性能研究

Polymeric ultrafiltration membranes are playing an important role to answer the challenges of energy and environment in virtue of high-efficiency, energy-saving and environmental friendliness. However, the further wide-spread application of these materials is imposed restrictions because of membrane fouling. Intensive efforts have been made to improve the performance of anti-fouling by providing greater hydrophilicity. Epoxy thermosets are good choices owing to inherent hydroxyl groups and excellent comprehensive properties. This proposal is aimed to achieve epoxy thermosetting ultrafiltration membranes via reaction-induced micro-phase separation mechanism. Furthermore, the nanoscale bicontinuous structures could be obtained in the light of the variation of block copolymer composition. Novel approaches to better hydrophilicity and versatile functionalization of ultrafiltration membrane could be realized from the viewpoint of molecular designing. The relationships between the nanoscale structures and the membrane properties are also investigated. From scientific point of view, a new strategy for nanoscale structure modulation could be realized via reaction-induced micro-phase separation mechanism. Epoxy thermosetting ultrafilation membranes with relatively higher pure water flux, higher separation precision and better fouling resistance could be obtained moreover.

高分子超滤膜因具有高效、节能、环保等特征为解决人类面对的能源和环境问题提供了技术支撑，但膜污染深深制约了其应用空间，对膜进行亲水改性则可有效解决这一问题。本项目选择了综合性能优良且具有一定亲水性的环氧热固性树脂作为超滤膜基体材料；研究嵌段共聚物的反应诱致微相分离行为对环氧热固性树脂微结构的影响并制备具有双连续相纳米通道的超滤膜；通过分子设计进一步改善膜的亲水性、实现膜的官能化；进而揭示超滤膜结构对其性能的影响。在科学上可望实现反应诱致微相分离机理在环氧热固性树脂超滤膜中的应用，在应用上可望得到具有较高水通量、较高分离精度及较好耐污染性的高分子超滤膜。

高分子超滤膜因具有高效、节能、环保等特征为解决人类面对的能源和环境问题提供了技术支撑，但膜污染深深制约了其应用空间，对膜进行亲水改性则可有效解决这一问题。本项目选择了综合性能优良且具有一定亲水性的环氧热固性树脂作为超滤膜基体材料；研究嵌段共聚物的反应诱致微相分离行为对环氧热固性树脂微结构的影响并制备具有纳米级贯通孔道的超滤膜；通过分子设计进一步改善膜的亲水性、实现膜的官能化；进而揭示超滤膜结构对其性能的影响。. 项目研究了聚氧化乙烯-聚己内酯两嵌段共聚物的反应诱致微相分离行为对环氧热固性树脂超滤膜的结构与性能影响、具有反应性与亲水性的嵌段共聚物对环氧热固性树脂超滤膜的结构与性能影响、可官能化的环氧热固性树脂超滤膜的结构与性能;双反应诱致微相分离对环氧热固性树脂超滤膜的结构与性能影响、竞争氢键相互作用对环氧热固性树脂超滤膜结构与性能的影响、弹性体基柔性交联膜材料的力-热性能。结果表明：可通过反应诱致微相分离机理获得环氧热固性树脂超滤膜；所制备的超滤膜具有良好的综合性能（高水通量、低接触角、较高热稳定性）。典型的环氧热固性树脂超滤膜具有40 nm左右的孔径；压力为0.3 MPa时，含40 wt%聚己内酯-聚乙二醇-聚己内酯三嵌段共聚物超滤膜的纯水通量近110 L/(m2·h)；超滤膜的水接触角普遍低于66°，热失重表明超滤膜的起始失重温度均高于220℃，最大分解速率温度普遍高于400℃。. 本研究提出了反应诱致微相分离这一全新的超滤膜制备方法并证实了该方法可行，成功制备了综合性能良好的环氧热固性树脂超滤膜。