考虑电磁-流-固耦合与非线性回复力的流致振动潮流能发电装置性能研究

Extensive studies on the performance of various types of tidal current energy converters have been carried out in the purpose of mitigating the energy crisis and environmental problems caused by the rapid economic and social development. Among them, electromagnetic flow-induced vibration tidal current energy converters have received widespread attention due to their advantages in many aspects. In the existing research on the flow-induced vibration tidal current energy converters, the electromagnetic force is usually simplified into a damping force with a constant damping coefficient, which makes the results difficult to reflect the response and energy conversion characteristics in real operating conditions. Whereas, studies on improving the performance of the flow-induced vibration tidal current energy converters using nonlinear restoring forces are not yet systematic. Investigations into the response and energy conversion characteristics of the flow-induced vibration under the combined action of the electromagnetic force and the nonlinear restoring force are even more rarely reported. In this project, numerical simulations are intended to be conducted together with model tests to explore the dynamic characteristics, the wake characteristics and the energy conversion characteristics of a flow-induced vibration system subject to both the electromagnetic force and the nonlinear restoring force. The influence law and mechanism of the electromagnetic force and the nonlinear restoring force on the response and energy conversion characteristics of the flow-induced vibration system are going to be revealed. The optimal matching programme of the generator and the nonlinear restoring force with corresponding parameters for improving the performance of the flow-induced vibration tidal current energy converter will be determined. The completion of this project could provide theoretical foundation and technical support to the engineering design of the flow-induced vibration tidal current energy converters.

为缓解经济和社会的快速发展造成的能源危机和环境问题，国内外学者对各类潮流能发电装置的性能开展了广泛研究。其中，电磁式流致振动潮流能发电装置因其在诸多方面的优势而备受关注。现有的流致振动潮流能发电的相关研究多将电磁力简化为阻尼系数为常数的阻尼力，研究结果难以反映出真实工况中装置的响应及能量转换特性。针对利用非线性回复力提升流致振动潮流能发电装置性能的研究还尚未形成完整的体系。关于电磁力与非线性回复力共同作用下流致振动的响应及能量转换特性的研究更鲜有报道。本项目拟采用数值模拟结合模型试验的方法，探究电磁力与非线性回复力作用下流致振动系统的动力学特性、尾迹特性及能量转换特性，揭示电磁力与非线性回复力对流致振动系统响应及能量转换特性的影响规律和机制。筛选出可用于提升流致振动潮流能发电装置性能的最佳发电机选配方案和非线性回复力形式及具体参数，为流致振动潮流能发电装置的工程设计提供理论依据和技术支撑。

电磁式流致振动潮流能发电装置具有启动流速低、能量密度高、对海洋生态环境与海洋生物影响小等优点，在我国尤其是北方沿海潮流流速偏低的海域具有广阔的应用前景。非线性回复力作用下电磁式流致振动潮流能发电装置是一个复杂的非线性系统，针对该类装置流致振动响应及能量转换特性的研究存在巨大的挑战，非线性回复力作用下电磁式流致振动潮流能发电装置的非线性电磁-流-固耦合机制尚不明晰。.本项目以电磁式流致振动潮流能发电装置为研究对象，研制了电磁式流致振动潮流能发电装置模型试验系统，构建了电磁力及非线性回复力与流致振动系统耦合的三维非线性电磁-流-固耦合数值模型，探究了电磁力与非线性回复力作用下流致振动响应及能量转换特性，揭示了其中的影响规律和机制，得出了适用于电磁式流致振动潮流能发电装置性能提升的非线性回复力形式及具体参数组合。.经过了深入系统的研究，取得了一系列理论和技术层面的突破，在国内外重要学术期刊上发表SCI检索期刊论文6篇，在国内知名学术会议上发表论文2篇，申请发明专利1项，相关研究成果得到了国内外学者的广泛认可，能够为电磁式流致振动潮流能发电装置的工程设计和性能优化提供理论依据和技术支撑。