番茄产量和品质对咸水分根交替灌溉的响应机理及模型模拟研究

The scientific and rational development and utilization of saline water plays an extremely important role to alleviate the shortage of freshwater resources. Regulating the balance of soil salinity in the plant root zone is the key to applying saline water irrigation safely. Alternate irrigation technology has become an important research direction of controlling salt in the saline water irrigation area. Exploring the qualitative and quantitative relationship between water and salinity coupling and tomato water use, yield and quality is the essential way to achieve a safe and efficient use of saline water for irrigation. In this study, the experiment is conducted with tomato under alternate partial root-zone irrigation with saline water. The hardcore of this study is the response of tomato yield and quality to alternate partial root-zone irrigation with saline water. The objectives of this study are to reveal the distribution of soil water and salt content within the root zone under alternate partial root-zone irrigation, and to understand the response mechanism of water consumption characteristics, yield and quality to the stress under combined water and salt. And the crop water-salt production function under combined water and salt stress is developed. The estimated model considered the water-salt stress and partial wetting irrigation pattern is conduced to estimate accurately the evapotranspiration and its components of tomato. Based on the evapotranspiration model, quantifying the effect of water-salt stress on the important parameters in crop model is studied to improve the accuracy of the crop model to simulate the growth and yield of tomato. The sensitive parameters of fruit quality to water-salt are optimized, and an evaluation system of comprehensive fruit quality is proposed, and also the function combing water-salt stress and comprehensive quality is established. According to the comprehensive evaluation method integrated water-salt balance, fruit quality, yield and benefit for tomato, the irrigation mode with water saving, salinity control, high quality and high efficiency is determined. The research will provide a scientific basis and technical support for efficient use of saline water for agriculture in North China.

科学合理的利用微咸水资源，对于缓解淡水资源短缺有着极其重要的作用。控制根区土壤盐分平衡是微咸水安全灌溉的关键，交替灌溉技术是微咸水灌溉控盐的重要研究方向。探索水盐胁迫与番茄水分利用、产量和品质之间的定量关系，是实现安全高效咸水灌溉的必要途径。本项目以番茄产量和品质对咸水分根交替灌溉的响应为核心，开展咸水分根交替滴灌番茄试验，揭示分根交替灌溉下根区土壤水盐分布规律，阐明番茄耗水特性、产量和品质对水盐胁迫的响应机理，建立番茄水盐生产函数。考虑水盐胁迫及局部湿润灌溉模式，建立更为精确的番茄蒸发蒸腾量估算模型，在此基础上量化水盐胁迫对作物模型中重要参数的影响，提高模拟的精度。优选水盐响应敏感型的品质参数，提出番茄综合品质指标评价体系，建立水盐－综合品质函数；依据水盐平衡－品质－产量－效益综合评价方法，确定节水抑盐优质高效灌溉模式，为咸水资源高效利用提供科学依据和技术支持。

淡水资源匮乏是世界性问题，科学合理的利用微咸水资源，对于缓解淡水资源短缺有着极其重要的作用。控制根区土壤盐分平衡是微咸水安全灌溉的关键，交替灌溉技术是微咸水灌溉控盐的重要研究方向。探索水盐胁迫与番茄水分利用、产量和品质之间的定量关系，是实现安全高效咸水灌溉的必要途径。本研究选取鲜食番茄为研究对象，以咸水分根交替灌溉对番茄产量和品质的影响为核心，开展了咸水分根交替滴灌和不同灌溉水质番茄试验，揭示了番茄生长、耗水特性、产量和品质对水盐胁迫的响应规律，探究了番茄产量、水分利用效率和品质与水盐环境之间的定量响应关系及机理。研究结果对于深入了解分根交替灌溉对番茄生长、耗水、产量和品质的影响规律有一定的借鉴意义，对于应用农业水利学科发展有一定的促进作用。揭示的番茄产量和品质响应关系可为番茄节水优质高产高效灌溉制度的确定和咸水资源的高效利用提供科学依据与技术支持。