基于电磁防护的功能集料设计制备原理及其混凝土应用基础研究

Realizing electromagnetic shielding function of buildings is important to solve the electromagnetic radiation, information leaking, signal interference problems, and also important to avoid the electromagnetic sensing,detecting,locating and electric attack in military applications. For this purpose, researchers mixed carbon serie and metal serie fiber and powder into cement to prepare concrete, or use the coating or panel made of these materials to get the electrmagnetic shielding function of the buildings. However, the functional components are only added into limited cement paste, and they are not evenly and entirely distributing in the conctete as a whole. So there are still many problems such as narrow electromagnetic wave absorbing band, low absorbing ability, weak modifiability of the parameters, low strength and poor durability. This project originally propose the preparation of electromagnetic wave absorbing functional haydite and use it as the aggregates in concrete; Preparation theory of functional aggregates,the design method of its cement-based composite materials;long term electromagnetic and structural performances, and the application technology of this material will be investigated in this project.As the purpose,the uniformly distribution of the functional components in concrete will be realized,the absorbing band width will be broadened, and the shielding efficacy will also be increased.Therefore, concrete with high electromagnetic wave absorbing ability, high load-bearing ability and excellent durability will be prepared. The research achivements will have the theory significance and obvious application values in electromagnetic shielding of civil and military buildings.

实现建筑物的电磁防护功能对于减少由电磁波引起的辐射、泄密、信号干扰，躲避军事电磁侦测和防护电子攻击等具有重要作用。为此，研究者们将各种吸波功能组分如碳系和金属系纤维、粉末等掺入水泥中，或制成涂层、面板覆盖在混凝土表面以实现其电磁防护功能。但功能组分仅掺加在有限的水泥石里，在混凝土中无法形成完整屏蔽结构，难以解决目前电磁防护混凝土中仍然存在的吸波频段窄、效能低、参数可调性差、强度低、耐久性差等问题。本课题创新性提出制备吸波功能陶粒，并将其作为集料用于制备电磁防护混凝土；研究功能集料制备原理及其水泥基复合材料设计方法、材料长期电磁和结构性能，以及应用技术方法等，实现电磁吸波功能组分在混凝土中完整、均匀分布，拓宽防护频段，增强吸波效能；制备得到集高电磁防护性和结构性于一体，兼顾耐久性和经济性的新型电磁防护混凝土；课题研究成果在民用及军事建筑物的电磁防护应用方面具备理论意义和显著实用价值。

电磁吸波混凝土对于实现民用及军用建筑物电磁防护，减少电磁辐射、泄密、信号干扰，躲避电磁侦测和打击等方面具有重要作用和广阔应用前景。传统电磁吸波混凝土是在水泥中掺入吸波组分而实现，普遍存在有效作用频段窄、效能低，力学性能差等突出问题。本项目提出制备吸波功能陶粒，将其用作集料制备高性能吸波混凝土的创新思路。在吸波剂参数耦合设计及种类优选基础上，探明了功能集料微结构形成机理及性能调控方法，将TiO2、Fe3O4等吸波剂与粘土等基体材料混合、造粒与焙烧后制备得到筒压强度达7~18MPa的高强吸波功能陶粒，将纳米Fe3O4磁流体等吸波新材料创新性应用于混凝土中，结合吸波功能集料的应用，制备得到电磁吸波-结构功能一体化混凝土， 8-18GHz频段电磁波反射率低于-10dB带宽达6.5~10GHz，反射率低于-15dB带宽可达6GHz以上，强度等级达25~50MPa同时具备优良的耐久性能。