环境样品中锕系元素的快速、准确、联合分析方法研究

Establishment of a rapid and accurate analytical method for simultaneous determination of actinides（Th、U、Pu、Am）in environmental samples can provide scientific support for the determination of the polluted-zone and source identification in nuclear emergency response. No such method has been reported in China, while a series of simultaneous methods have been published by foreign countries. However, some problems were found in those published methods, e.g. relatively long analytical time and degraded accuracy by interfering elements. This project aims to develop a rapid analytical method by combining extraction chromatography with ICP-MS measurement. This project mainly focuses on solving the following three scientific problems: study on the extraction behaviors of actinides and interfering elements on extraction resins, optimization of the leaching method of actinides from environmental soil sample and evaluation on the decontamination ability, analytical time and accuracy. High performance is expected to be achieved by this method, such as rapid separation and measurement, high decontamination factor and simultaneous measurement of actinides, allowing its application in the determination of actinides in environmental samples. Thus, the study of this project has important application value in the work of radiation monitoring in emergency response.

建立环境样品中锕系元素（Th、U、Pu、Am）快速、准确的联合分析方法，可以为核应急工作提供污染区域判定和源项分析的支持技术。目前国内尚没有相关联合分析方法，国外虽然开发了一系列联合测定锕系元素的分析方法，但仍存在分离和分析耗时较长、准确性受到干扰元素影响等缺点。本项目旨在建立一个基于萃取色谱化学分离与ICP-MS测定技术相结合的锕系元素快速分析方法。重点解决以下三个科学问题：干扰元素与锕系元素在萃取树脂上吸附行为研究，环境样品中锕系元素浸取方法优化，方法的去污系数、时效性和准确性评价。本项目开发的方法可望具有快速分离测量、高效去污、多核素同步测定等特点，可以应用于环境样品的锕系元素联合分析。因此，本项目的研究在核应急辐射监测工作中有着重要的应用价值。

本项目研究期间针对核应急事故场景下环境样品中锕系元素（Th、U、Pu、Am）的快速、准确的分析需求，研究了Th、U、Pu、Am、稀土等干扰元素在UTEVA、DGA、TEVA、TK200、TRU萃取树脂上的吸附行为，包括不同酸浓度下的吸附性能、洗脱液的选择及淋洗曲线等，优化了环境土壤样品中锕系元素的浸取方法，分别建立了环境水样、土壤样品中锕系元素的快速分析方法，并进行分析方法验证，获得了方法的去污因子、方法探测限、方法准确性等。.通过本项目研究建立了环境样品中锕系元素（Th、U、Pu、Am）快速、准确的联合分析方法，为核应急辐射监测工作和环境常规监测效率提升提供了支持技术。