基于系统发育和功能性状方法的四种森林群落树种幼苗存活和生长的邻体效应

Species coexistence is a key issue in community ecology, and neighborhood effect is a key ecological process for plant species coexistence. Researchers had brought phylogenetic relationships or functional traits of plant species into the study of neighborhood effects, and realized the assignment of unequal values to each taxonomic group based on the traditional level. However, studies based on phylogenetic or functional traits alone have certain drawbacks, and we need to combine these two methods. There are different results in the studies of neighborhood effects in different forest communities, and obvious shortcomings in the studies which are done in a single forest community. Therefore, it is necessary to study comparatively the neighborhood effects in different forest communities with the methods of phylogeny and functional traits. The project will set up seedling quadrats in four forest communities in Gaoligong Mountain. The generalized linear mixed models(GLMMs), which include environmental factors, phylogenetic relatednesses and functional trait similarities, will be built to reveal the relative importance of different ecological processes to species coexistence and species diversity maintenance at the neighborhood scale. The differences of ecological mechanisms underlying tree species coexistence and community assembly among different forest communities and their causes will be discussed. The project can reinforce people's understanding of the mechanisms of species coexistence, provide a reference for future researches on species coexistence, and offer a theoretical basis for the protection and management of species diversity in different forest communities.

物种共存是群落生态学研究的核心问题之一，邻体效应是植物物种共存的关键生态学过程。为实现在传统等级的基础上给予各分类群不等的赋值，学者将系统发育关系或者功能性状引入到邻体效应的研究中，但单独基于系统发育或者功能性状方法的研究都存在一定缺陷，需要我们将这两种方法结合。邻体效应在不同的森林群落内的研究结果不同，且仅考虑单个群落的研究有明显的缺陷。因此，基于系统发育和功能性状方法的邻体效应在不同森林群落中的对比研究就十分必要。本项目拟在高黎贡山的四类森林群落内设置幼苗样方，基于系统发育和功能性状的方法，结合环境因子，构建广义线性混合模型，揭示不同生态过程在邻体尺度上对物种共存和物种多样性维持的相对重要性，探讨不同森林群落类型中物种共存机制的差异及其原因。本项目的实施将有利于深入理解种群结构和动态及其物种共存机制，为不同森林群落内的物种多样性保护和管理提供理论依据。

邻体效应是植物物种共存的关键生态学过程之一。为实现在传统等级的基础上给予各分类群不等的赋值，学者将系统发育关系或者功能性状引入到邻体效应的研究中，但单独基于系统发育或者功能性状方法的研究都存在一定缺陷，需要我们将这两种方法结合。本项目在高黎贡山的中山湿性常绿阔叶林中设置幼苗样方，监测幼苗的动态变化，采集所有物种的功能性状数据，建立所有物种的系统发育树，监测幼苗所处的环境因子，再构建广义线性混合模型，揭示不同生态过程在邻体尺度上对物种共存和物种多样性维持的相对重要性。研究结果表明：（1）幼苗分属23科44属56种，样地中优势种明显，大多数物种为稀有种。大多数物种的幼苗在样地中分布不均，聚果九节分布广泛。幼苗组成和数量的波动较小。（2）幼苗存活率随目标个体的增大而降低，环境过滤对幼苗存活有显著作用，但没有发现邻体密度和功能性状对幼苗存活的显著影响，可能是由于高黎贡山林下的幼苗密度较低以及监测时间较短造成的。本项目的实施将有利于深入理解种群结构和动态及其物种共存机制，为高黎贡山群落内的物种多样性保护和管理提供理论依据。