The planarian is an ideal model organism to study stem cell and neural regeneration. It contains a high number of adult stem cells and could regenerate the whole head and nervous system. The regeneration process involves multiple signaling pathways including the TGF-β/Smads signaling pathway which may play an important role in the regulation of regeneration. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In our study, the Dugesia japonica Smad-4 (Djsmad-4), a core component of TGF-β/Smads signaling pathway, showed different expression patterns in normal and regenerate tissues. The Djsmad4(RNAi) animals failed to regenerate, and produced an abnormal nervous system. The in-situ hybridization revealed that the Djsmad-4 expressed in blastemas where the stem cells enriched. These results suggested the TGF-β/Smads signaling pathway may result in abnormal regeneration by regulating the proliferation and differentiation of the stem cells. Based on the above information, we will investigate the function of Djsmad-4 and its downstream genes with RNAi, comparative transcriptomics, in-situ hybridization and immunofluorescence methods, to reveal the the possible mechanism of TGF-β/Smads signaling pathway in the regulation of the proliferation and differentiation of the stem cells, as well as the regeneration of the nervous system.
涡虫作为理想的干细胞和神经再生研究模式生物,能够依靠体内大量的成体干细胞,再生出完整的头部和整个神经系统,其神经再生过程涉及多种信号通路的调控,尤其TGF-β/Smads信号通路可能起着重要调控作用,但调控机制尚未阐明。我们研究发现TGF-β/Smads信号通路上Djsmad-4基因在再生过程中具有显著差异表达,敲低后可显著阻断涡虫再生,且神经系统再生发生异常;原位杂交结果显示Djsmad-4在再生过程中表达于干细胞富集的胚基处,提示TGF-β/Smads信号通路可能通过调控涡虫干细胞增殖、分化,影响神经系统的再生,最终导致再生异常。本研究正是基于上述假说,拟通过RNA干扰、差异转录组分析、原位杂交、免疫荧光等多种方法研究Djsmad-4及其下游调控基因的功能,初步阐明TGF-β/Smads信号通路调控涡虫干细胞增殖与分化,以及神经再生的分子机制。
涡虫作为理想的干细胞和神经再生研究模式生物,能够依靠体内大量的成体干细胞,再生出完整的个体和整个神经系统,其组织再生和重塑过程涉及多种信号通路的调控,尤其TGF-β/Smads信号通路可能起着重要调控作用,但调控机制尚未阐明。为了探究TGF-β/Smads信号通路调控涡虫再生的分子机制,我们通过差异转录组测序分析Djsmad4基因干扰后显著差异表达基因,利用RNAi技术初步筛选出了TGF-β/Smads信号通路下游关键功能基因SnoN、SMURF2、TBX2/3。发现TGF-β/Smads信号的下调将减慢胚基的形成,其中SnoN敲低涡虫会阻断涡虫头部再生,其再生头部神经中枢呈圆环形,无蝶形神经索;SMURF2在前端胚基处表达量显著下调,敲低后涡虫神经中枢发育缓慢并产生头部神经中枢缺陷;TBX2/3在前端胚基处表达量显著下调,下调TBX2/3后涡虫再生背部发生恶性增生,再生背部组织无规则突起不平滑,相关轴性和DV极性marker基因表达出现异常,表明TBX2/3通过调控涡虫极性影响涡虫神经系统再生;以上结果表明,TGF-β/Smads信号通路通过控下游基因的表达,调控干细胞的增殖分化,影响涡虫极性的建立,进而调控涡虫的神经再生。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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