极端复杂流场对燃弧特性的影响机理分析及自适应消弧结构优化设计

The “Muzzle Flame” (arc) is generated when the armature exits muzzle instantaneously, which seriously affects the flight attitude, stability of the projectile, and the muzzle duration of electromagnetic rail launchers. An effective arc suppression device is critical to the overall boost of system performance and its application. This project will be carried out by comprehensively applying theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and experimental verification methods, and its research content mainly includes: Analysis of the influence mechanism of multi-coupled parametric variables of various flow fields, such as the baric field, electromagnetic field and arc electric field density distribution, with regard to hypersonic open-circuit arc characteristics at the moment when the armature exits muzzle. Subsequently, by applying the cognitive science theory comprehensively, an optimization design method and a comprehensive evaluation criterion are presented for adaptive open-circuit arc extinction structures based on the construction of arc physical model under extremely complex flow fields. Furthermore, a robust controller will be developed based on mixed sensitivity theory to promote the effect of arc extinction structures productively towards suppressing the muzzle arc. In addition, a novel prototype of an adaptive arc extinction structure will be developed to verify the proposed theories and methods. The research results of this project can provide a theoretical guidance for innovation design and optimization of a novel muzzle arc extinction structure. Meanwhile, it has important scientific value and significance for expanding the theoretical research of arc discharge and promoting the development and application of electromagnetic emission technology.

电枢出膛瞬时所产生的“炮口焰”（燃弧）严重影响了弹丸的飞行姿态、稳定性及电磁轨道发射器的炮口寿命，有效抑制燃弧对于装置整体性能的提升和应用至关重要。本项目拟综合应用理论分析、数值模拟及实验验证的方法，重点开展的研究内容包括：分析电枢出膛瞬时气压场、电磁场及电场等多场作用下多耦合参变量对高超音速开路燃弧特性的影响规律；在此基础上构建极端复杂流场作用下的燃弧物理模型，综合应用认知科学理论，提出具有自适应能力的开路消弧结构优化设计方法和综合评价准则；基于混合灵敏度理论设计鲁棒控制器，有效提升消弧结构对炮口电弧的抑制作用；研制一种新型自适应消弧结构原理样机，对所提出理论及方法进行实验验证。本项目的研究成果对于新型炮口消弧器的结构设计优化提供理论指导，同时对于拓展电弧放电理论、推动电磁轨道发射器的技术发展和应用具有重要的科学价值和意义。

项目根据立项制定的进度安排，按照既定提出的研究内容、研究目标有条不紊、逐步推进，按计划完成了全部研究内容，并获得了预期成果。建立了发射器与消弧器的几何模型，完成脉冲大电流传导电磁特性的仿真计算；完成了不同电弧电流波形的温度仿真研究；完成了膛内、膛外冲击波过程仿真分析；搭建了温度测量系统。建立了电磁轨道发射器燃弧试验平台；建立了膛口速度测量系统；建立了冲击波测量系统；进行了不同电流参数下的电磁发射试验。在已完善电磁轨道发射器上开展了电流密度、电弧运动速度、冲击波及外加磁场对电弧性能影响的综合试验研究；完成了膛口金属轨道烧蚀、损失及绝缘材料失效性研究；开展了消弧结构高可靠性能研究。完成燃弧机理及控制方法研究；完成电磁发射器膛口消弧器结构优化研究。综合复杂条件下电弧控制及抑制理论和方法，结合试验验证，提出了MA级消弧器的优化设计指导原则和技术方案。推动我国电磁发射技术的研究进程。