高性能小孔径北斗卫星导航空时极化抗干扰天线研究

To meet the fitness requirement for modern increasingly compact military weapons, satellite navigation anti-jamming antennas must be reduced in dimensions. Because of the array aperture shrinkage, the problem of serious performance deterioration for anti-jamming antennas becomes more and more prominent. The space-time-polarization array processing (STPAP) is recognized as an effective technique to improve the performance of small aperture satellite navigation anti-jamming antennas. However, the influence of the polarization sensitive array (PSA) configuration and mutual coupling between array elements on the performance of the STPAP needs to be further studied. In this research, based on the orthogonal polarization array, the theoretical analysis, the numerical simulations and the experimental verifications are adopted to investigate the following issues: analyzing the theoretical performance of different PSA configurations to determine the optimum PSA configuration, and revealing the impact of the mutual coupling on its theoretical performance; discussing the physical mechanism of the mutual coupling in the orthogonal polarization array, and proposing a design scheme to enhance inter-element isolation for small aperture orthogonal polarization arrays; realizing the STPAP adaptive algorithm using multi-stage Wiener filter, and implementing an space-time-polarization anti-jamming antenna prototype featured by high performance and small aperture for BeiDou navigation satellite system (BDS) receivers. It is expected that this study will enrich the design theory for satellite navigation space-time-polarization anti-jamming antennas, and provide solid theoretical foundations and brand-new technical means to develop high performance and small aperture satellite navigation anti-jamming antennas.

现代军事武器装备的体积日益紧凑，卫星导航抗干扰天线必须尽可能地减小尺寸以满足适装性要求，而因阵列孔径缩减导致其性能严重恶化的问题越来越突出。空时极化联合阵列处理是目前提高小孔径阵列卫星导航抗干扰天线性能的有效途径，然而极化阵列结构和阵列单元互耦对其性能的影响还有待深入研究。本项目拟基于正交极化阵列，采用理论分析、数值模拟和实验验证相结合的方法，分析不同正交极化阵列结构的理论抗干扰性能，明确综合性能最优的正交极化阵列结构，揭示单元互耦对其理论性能的影响规律；探明正交极化阵列单元互耦的物理机制，基于电磁超材料，提出高隔离度小孔径正交极化阵列的设计方案；采用基于多级维纳滤波器架构的空时极化自适应抗干扰算法，研制出兼顾高性能和小孔径的北斗卫星导航空时极化抗干扰天线样机。研究成果将丰富卫星导航空时极化抗干扰天线的设计理论，为发展高性能小孔径卫星导航抗干扰天线提供坚实的理论依据和崭新的技术途径。

现代军事武器装备的体积日益紧凑，卫星导航抗干扰天线必须尽可能地减小尺寸以满足适装性要求，而因阵列孔径缩减导致性能严重恶化的问题越来越突出。空时极化联合阵列具有提高小孔径卫星导航抗干扰天线性能的显著潜力，但是极化阵列结构和阵列单元互耦影响抗干扰性能的机理还亟需深入研究。本项目基于小孔径正交极化阵列，通过理论分析、数值仿真和实验验证的方法，开展并完成了如下研究内容：1）构建了空时极化联合阵列处理模型，分析了不同阵列结构的理论抗干扰性能，探明了单元互耦对抗干扰性能的影响规律；2）揭示了正交极化阵列的互耦机理，基于电磁超材料技术，提出了高隔离度小孔径正交极化阵列的设计方案；3）基于多级维纳滤波器架构，提出了计算量小、收敛速度快和数值稳定性高的降秩算法，完成了算法的硬件描述语言实现；4）研制了小孔径卫星导航抗干扰天线样机，通过暗室和外场实验，验证了其抗干扰性能。研究成果丰富了卫星导航抗干扰天线的设计理论，为发展高性能小孔径卫星导航抗干扰天线提供了坚实的理论依据和技术支撑。本项目在青年科学基金的资助下，共发表学术论文16篇，申请国家发明专利4项，培养研究生7名。