中国鳞伞属及相近属的分类与分子系统学研究

Pholiota and related genera will be researched by combining the traditional taxonomy and molecular phylogeny in this study. Based on a great deal of research about taxonomy of Pholiota in early stage, investigating in the field and collecting specimens nationwide will be continued, and the species deposited in HMJAU, HMAS, HMIGD and HKAS will be examined. The morphological descriptions and illustrations are going to be provided. Based on the RPB1, RPB2, LSU, SSU, ITS and IGS sequences, the phylogenetic tree of the subgenera and species of Pholiota and related genera will be constructed by single-gene and combined-gene analysis and their phylogenetic relationships will be analyzed. The purpose of this study is identifying questioned species and exploring new resources of Pholiota, investigating the distribution of this genus in China and solving the problems about the taxonomy and phylogeny of this genus by combining the traditional taxonomic and molecular phylogeny. On these bases, the more natural taxonomic system of Pholiota will be explored.

采用传统分类学研究与分子系统学研究相结合的方法研究鳞伞属及其相近类群。在前期大量的鳞伞属分类研究基础上，继续在全国范围内广泛进行野外调查、采集标本，以及查阅中科院真菌与地衣系统研究开放实验室（HMAS）、广东省微生物所真菌标本馆（HMIGD）、中科院昆明植物研究所隐花植物标本馆（HKAS）等各大标本室库存的标本，进行详尽的形态学观察，描述每种真菌的形态特征，绘制线条图；基于RPB1、RPB2、LSU、SSU、ITS、IGS等基因片段，采用单基因和部分联合基因构建系统发育树，分析讨论鳞伞属内各亚属、各种之间以及鳞伞属与其相近类群之间的系统发育关系。本项目研究的目的为进一步搞清我国鳞伞属真菌的种类，了解生态分布特点，进行可利用资源的评价，综合形态学和分子系统学等方面的分析解决鳞伞属真菌的分类学和系统学问题，探索鳞伞属真菌分类的更有效、更趋自然的系统。

本研究对鳞伞属及相近属的分类和分子系统学进行了研究。分类学研究建立了1新属：暗黄盖菇属Gilvopilus E.J. Tian；9新种：林芝鳞伞Pholiota linzhiensis E.J. Tian & T. Bau、柱孢鳞伞P. cylindrospora E.J. Tian、桦树鳞伞P. betulicola T. Bau & E.J. Tian、近簇生鳞伞P. subcaespitosa E.J. Tian、喙缘囊鳞伞P. rostrocheilocystidia E.J. Tian、近地生鳞伞P. subterrestris E.J. Tian、近多环鳞鳞伞P. submulticingulata E.J. Tian、近棘胞球盖菇Stropharia subacanthocystis E.J. Tian、吉林球盖菇S. jilinensis T. Bau & E.J. Tian；1新组合：空囊球盖菇S. scabella (Zeller) E.J. Tian；5中国新记录种：杉树鳞伞Pholiota abieticola A.H. Sm. & Hesler、杨氏鳞伞P. jahnii Tjall.-Beuk. & Bas、淡黄鳞伞P. flavopallida A.H. Sm. & Hesler、近紫红裸伞Gymnopilus subpurpuratus Guzm.-Dáv. & Guzmán、近颗粒暗小皮伞Phaeomarasmius proximans (A.H. Sm. & Hesler) Singer。分子系统学研究基于ITS、LSU和EF序列通过单基因和多基因联合构建系统发育树，探索了鳞伞属各亚属和种间的系统发育关系。结果表明：鳞伞属主要包括两个亚属：鳞伞亚属Subg. Pholiota和火菇状亚属Subg. Flammuloides，而其他3亚属，即Subg. Flammula、Subg. Hemipholiota和Subg. Flavidula中的成员分别归属到其他属中：Gilvopilus E.J. Tian、Flammula (Fr.) P. Kumm.、Hemistropharia Jacobsson & E. Larss.、Hemipholiota (Singer) Bon、Phaeomarasmius Scherff.等。