甘草茎秆生物力学特性及饲用化揉碎机理研究

The shortage of forage resources in the southern Xinjiang region has seriously affected the development of sheep industry. The forage process has the problems of low efficiency, large power consumption and poor processing quality. It is urgent to expand the new forage resources and enhance the level of forage processing equipment to improve the utilization coefficient. The program takes the licorice stalk and auger-type rubbing and cutting mechanism as the research object. The relationship between the mechanical properties, structure and chemical composition of the stalk is studied, and the “plant-machine” system model of stalk rubbing and cutting mechanism is constructed. The forces of the auger bottom shell and screw auger, etc, in the process of stalk rubbing and cutting are quantitatively studied, and mechanics transferring model of stalk rubbing and cutting process is established. Moreover, the numerical model of the auger-type rubbing and cutting mechanism is also established. The ANASYS, DEM and ADAMS softwares are used to carry out the simulation and optimization of the process of rubbing and cutting of licorice stalk and reveal the rubbing and cutting process of stalk. The testing platform of stalk rubbing and cutting is built up, and a numerical model, which takes the rubbing and cutting quality and the power consumption as the goal, and the structure and working parameters as the variables, is established. It is used for exploring the processing mechanism of licorice stalk rubbing and cutting, revealing the key factor and internal law between the rubbing and cutting process and power consumption, and finally finding a method which can improve the quality and reduce the power consumption of stalk rubbing and cutting. The research outcome can provide the basis for the development of stalk rubbing and cutting equipment.

新疆南疆地区饲草资源短缺，且饲草加工过程存在效率低、功耗大、加工质量差等问题，已经严重影响肉羊产业的发展，急需扩展新的饲草资源，提升饲草加工装备技术水平，从而提升饲草利用率。项目以甘草茎秆为研究对象，研究茎秆力学特性与其组织构造、化学组分之间的相关性；构建“茎秆—揉碎机构”系统模型，定量研究搅龙底壳、螺旋搅龙等在茎秆揉碎过程中的受力情况，建立茎秆揉碎过程力学传递模型；构建搅龙式揉碎机构的数值模型，采用有限元ANASYS、DEM耦合ADAMS等软件对甘草茎秆切碎、揉搓过程进行仿真优化，揭示茎秆揉碎过程内在规律；搭建茎秆揉碎试验平台并进行实验，建立以茎秆揉碎质量及功耗为目标、以结构形状参数和工作参数为变量的数值模型，探明甘草茎秆揉碎加工机理，揭示影响功耗的关键因素与规律，寻找提高秸秆揉碎质量、降低功耗的方法，为秸秆饲用化揉碎装备的开发奠定理论基础。

本项目以甘草茎秆为试验对象，重点研究甘草茎秆的物料特性，标定了甘草茎秆离散元仿真模型参数，建立了相应的生物力学模型，设计并搭建甘草茎秆揉切装置，探明甘草茎秆的揉切机理，明确了在揉切下影响能耗指标的参数组合，建立了相应的数学模型，通过该项目实施，为茎秆饲用化加工装备的设计与降能减耗奠定了理论基础，同时可提高肉羊饲喂机械化装备性能，对推进新疆肉羊养殖业的发展奠定基础。.1.甘草茎秆的力学特性分析. 研究了甘草茎秆的化学成分、微观组织结构等物理特性，分析了甘草茎秆的抗弯强度、剪切强度、抗压强度、压缩模量等力学参数，构建了甘草茎秆化学成分、组织结构相应参数的力学模型，分析了甘草茎秆的蠕变特性与应力松弛，为剪切装置的设计奠定基础。.2. 甘草茎秆揉切装置的设计及工作机理分析. 设计了甘草茎秆揉切装置，采用仿真软件对甘草茎秆揉切装置进行仿真优化，确定了装置的结构参数和工作参数，搭建甘草茎秆揉切试验装置，揭示了甘草茎秆揉切装置工作机理。.3. 甘草茎秆揉切性能试验及关键影响因素分析. 以甘草茎秆为物料，以螺旋搅龙转速、加工时间、填充系数、刀片与底壳间隙为因素，标准草长率、破节率、单位能耗为指标，开展响应曲面试验与参数优化，构建了以标准草长率、破节率、单位能耗的回归模型，确定了甘草茎秆揉切装置最优工作参数范围。.4. 甘草茎秆揉切装置降耗提效试验研究. 以单位质量能耗和单位功耗为指标，研究了工艺参数和结构参数的影响规律，构建了实验参数与单位质量能耗和单位功耗的回归模型，对单位质量能耗的影响显著顺序由大到小为分段螺旋叶片排布距离、混合时间、搅龙转速、充满系数；对功耗影响显著性由大到小为搅龙转速、加工时间、刀片种类。.5. 项目发表论文14篇，其中SCI/EI 8篇，申请专利6项（授权2项），培养青年教师2名，培养博士1名，研究生10名。.