微生物降解稠油过程中活性代谢产物的作用机制研究

In view of the current situation of China's progress in heavy oil reservoir development was slow and the mechanism of microbial degradation of heavy oil was not clear, basic research will carry out on mechanism of active metabolites produced in microbial degradation of heavy crude oil. Based on the previous work, cell physiologic activity, gene expression, metabolic activity and heavy oil in physical and chemical changes in microbial degradation process of heavy crude oil will be studied. System research will carry out on the test of cellular metabolites' type, content and activity changes, analyze the expression of functional genes related to metabolism of cells, focuses on the detection of trace metabolites of inducing and stimulating effect in early growth of cells and active metabolites such as surfactant, acid, alcohol, ketone, ester etc. In-depth analysis of heavy oil fractions content, liquidity, rheology, particle size, viscosity, turbidity and nature relation with cell and metabolic activity. Study the metabolic mechanism of microbial degradation of heavy oil from the point of cell physiology. The physiological precess and metabolic mechanism of microbial effect on heavy oil will expected to provide the necessary technical basis and scientific basis for research and development of microbial indoor exploitation of heavy oil and heavy oil pollution remediation technology and future application.

针对我国稠油油藏开发进展缓慢和微生物降解稠油机制不清的现状，本项目开展微生物降解稠油及代谢产物作用机制的基础研究。本申请项目在前期工作基础上，综合分析微生物降解稠油过程中细胞生理活性、基因表达、代谢产物活性和稠油物理化学性质变化过程，系统研究细胞代谢产物的种类、含量和活性变化规律，分析细胞代谢产物相关的功能基因和表达情况，重点检测对细胞活性具诱导、激发作用的细胞生长初期微量代谢产物和活性代谢产物如表面活性剂、酸、醇、酮、酯等；深入分析稠油不同组分含量、流动性、流变性、粒径、粘度、浊度等性质同细胞和代谢产物活性的对应关系，从细胞生理学角度揭示微生物降解稠油的活性代谢产物的作用机制。阐释微生物作用稠油的生理过程和代谢机制，为开发微生物开采稠油和稠油污染修复技术的室内研究基础和未来现场应用提供必要的理论基础和科学依据。

针对我国稠油资源多样而复杂，微生物降解途径和机理不清的问题，本项目以稠油降解乳化菌株D10-9，D15-7，T5-30A和T1-34，以及产生物乳化剂菌株、糖脂生产菌株为研究对象，开展微生物降解稠油及代谢产物作用机制的基础研究。分析微生物降解稠油过程中细胞生理活性、功能基因、代谢产物活性、结构分析和稠油物理化学性质变化过程，揭示了细胞代谢产物的种类、含量和活性变化规律，通过室温常压等离子体诱变技术，对菌株进行功能诱变和环境耐受活性诱变，并在此基础上研究了突变前后菌株活性、代谢产物适应能力和基因组之间的异同；通过分析细胞膜通透性及膜显微结构，从细胞生理学角度阐释微生物作用稠油的生理过程和代谢机制，通过物理模拟、参数优化和实际矿场试验验证，取得了较好的应用效果。