雕画迹精细解剖与形态功能分析

The main study objects of the proposal are the graphoglyptids and their host strata from the Devonian-Carboniferous flysch successions of western Junggar, Xinjiang in different tectonic backgrounds. The morphology, textures, structures and geochemical composition of the graphoglyptids will be intensively studied by means of ichnosedimentology, topology, fractal geometry and geochemistry in terms of combination of macro-, submacro- and micro-scopical, and quantitative and qualitative aspects. The scientific aims of the proposal are to establish quantitative and qualitative criteria for the classification and nomenclature of graphoglyptids at ichno-family, genus and species levels and their relations to ethology and behavior, to find out proxies of characterizing complexity, pattern and optimization of graphoglyptids and their coupling and decoupling relationships to the critical bioevents and environmental events in the Phanerozoic. The implement of the proposal will be in favor of resolving the bottle neck problem of functional morphology analysis for complex trace fossils which cumbers ichnological development, promoting intelligent identification and quantitative research of trace fossils, annotating tracemaker's ethology and behavior in deep biosphere and extreme environments, and probing relationships between surface and deep biospheres.

以西准噶尔泥盆纪-石炭纪复理石相中复杂遗迹化石雕画迹的遗迹沉积学研究为基础，通过对不同环境条件下主干剖面和重点层段中雕画迹形貌结构和成分的精细解剖，并运用拓扑学与分形几何学等数学方法对采集的和文献中报道的代表性雕画迹的定量分析与形态发生模拟，试图从宏观-亚宏观-微观、定性与定量的结合上，构建雕画迹科属种分类命名和复杂性划分的定量判据及其与形态功能的关系；揭示雕画迹形貌结构复杂性、规律性、先进性（付出的能量最少，收获的食物、营养物质、氧气最多和宜居性最高）及其形态演化与显生宙重大生物-环境事件的耦合和解耦关系。该研究对复杂遗迹化石形态功能分析及其生态环境意义这一制约遗迹学健康发展瓶颈问题的解决，对推进遗迹化石的智能鉴定与定量分析，对解读研究薄弱的深部生物圈和极端环境中造迹生物行为习性、生物与环境相互作用的特质以及探索深部生物圈与表层生物圈的关系均具有重要的科学意义和广泛的应用前景。

通过对西准噶尔泥盆纪-石炭纪、欧洲喀尔巴阡山中-新生代馆藏和文献中报道的雕画迹及其相关遗迹化石的定量和半定量表征、形态要素提取、统计分析和形态发生模拟的系统研究表明，雕画迹可分为线形、树形和网形3大拓扑结构类型，并可进一步分为13个拓扑小类和19个拓扑原型，代表了典型的潜穴构筑方式和形态功能类群；雕画迹Helminthorhaphe蛇曲形态具有极高的多样性，共建立11个半定量形态编码用于刻画蛇曲的排列型式、末端形态和路径形态等特征， Helminthorhaphe和其它线形雕画迹的形态发生方式可由同一套行为控制机制来模拟；显生宙Zoophycos的地史分布具有5次高丰度期和6次低丰度期，他们与显生宙生物大辐射和大灭绝相关但明显不同；显生宙Zoophycos的时空分布与宏演化特征主要与生物分异度增加导致生物对宜居的浅海和浅阶层生存竞争加剧和中生代以来深水海底营养条件的改善和生物进化有关；泥盆纪三叶虫存在不对称行为现象，即左撇子和右撇子现象，泥盆纪时，北半球镜眼虫类三叶虫的脱壳行为以右撇子为主（顺时针脱离老壳），南半球镜眼虫类三叶虫的脱壳行为以左撇子为主（逆时针脱离老壳），镜眼虫类三叶虫不对称行为的产生可能与地球磁场和古地理位置相关。该成果对从生物行为习性的角度深刻认识生命过程与地球环境的关系提供了新资料和新窗口。