基于全波形特征的偏振脉冲激光近程探测研究

The ground-based guided missiles are studied to achieve precise strike around the world, and precise detection of ground targets has become a research hotspot. Ground targets (such as armored vehicles) utilize camouflage technology and stealth technology to make converge of targets and environment. It is difficult to recognize each other using conventional detection methods. On account of the different polarized laser scattering characteristics of targets, the ground targets could be recognized. In the project, the polarized laser short-range synchronous scanning method is used to carry out researches on echo detection theory, dynamic measurement and error generation mechanism. This project intends to take "echo model" - "measurement method" - "error compensation" as main line. Polarization laser detection echo model is proposed to explore the polarization scattering mechanism of object targets and to construct the target polarization feature database of object features. Based on the relationship between the target material characteristics and surface features and the echo waveform theory, a polarization pulse laser measurement method with full waveform features is proposed. The mechanism of dynamic measurement error is explored and a dynamic error compensation strategy is proposed. It provides the theoretical and technical basis for the short-range laser scanning of polarized laser.

世界各国积极研究空地制导导弹实现地面目标的精确打击，地物目标的精确探测已成为研究热点。地物目标（如装甲车辆）常采用伪装措施和隐身技术使地物目标与环境相融合，常规探测方式难以区分。由于偏振激光目标散射特性不同，可用于地物目标识别。本项目采用偏振激光近程同步扫描探测方式，开展回波探测理论、动态测量以及误差产生机理等问题的研究，以“回波模型→测量方法→误差补偿”为主线，建立偏振激光探测回波模型，探索地物目标线偏振散射特性，构建地物目标偏振特征库；基于目标材料特性、表面特征与回波波形理论关系，提出全波形特征的偏振脉冲激光测量方法；探索动态扫描测量误差产生机理，提出动态误差补偿策略，对偏振激光近程扫描探测基础理论与技术方法进行深入研究。

空地制导导弹实现地面目标的精确打击已成为各国的研究热点，地物目标常采用伪装措施和隐身技术使地物目标与环境相融合，传统脉冲激光探测方式难以识别。本项目将偏振融入激光探测中，开展了偏振激光近程扫描探测基础理论与技术方法的研究。建立偏振双向反射分布函数模型和线偏振脉冲激光回波模型，拓展了多目标回波波形模型，搭建偏振脉冲激光测试实验平台，揭示不同目标材料的偏振散射规律：典型地物目标偏振度随着角度的增加而下降，当入射角大于一定范围时，地物目标偏振度都有增大趋势。通过建立的多目标回波模型，研究不同表面特征与回波波形的关系，提出利用全波形的卷积神经网络测距方法，提出的测距方法误差均值为0.0058m，标准差为0.0207m，实现超分辨率测距的同时实现了有限资源下的FPGA移植。提出奇异谱分析和小波域的压缩感知去噪，在微弱信号条件下实现较好的回波信号去噪。通过建立高速转轴的力学模型，推导出转轴弯曲变形的理论公式；结合平面扩展目标的回波功率方程，建立了转轴偏移下目标探测成像模型。通过仿真分析探索动态扫描测量误差产生机理，结果表明：当电机转速达到40000r/min时，转轴在全反平面镜处角位移达到0.013rad，沿轴的形变达到0.88mm；回波信号幅值电压随着转速的增大而逐渐减小，提出了高精度控制方法。因此，通过本项目的研究不仅可以有效区分地物目标，还能实现超分辨率测距。