环保行为时间配置的动态决策机制：基于预期理论视角的研究

Nowadays, environmental issues are considered the most urgent for humanity, and are closely related to the sustainable development of human beings. However, time allocated into the environmental protection has been decreasing all the time. As the time spent on environmental protection decreases, environmental protection behavior has also decreased. So, the raise of time allocation of pro-environment behaviors is the key to improve environment. .Time allocation, essentially, is a kind of decision making, which is dynamic. Therefore, this research will explore the mechanism of time allocation based on the perspective of prospect theory in decision making. We predict the psychological causes of insufficiency time allocated into pro-environment behaviors are the lower subjective value of environmental outcomes, and the lower probability that people think environment-friendly behaviors can really lead to a better environment, which is called “action-outcome” connectedness. Hence, the theory of dynamic time allocation base on the subjective value and “action-outcome” connectedness will be constructed by this research. We will test and verify this theory and propose some intervention measures based on this theory..In order to explore the Chinese average amount of time allocated into pro-environment behaviors and reveal individuals’ insufficiency time allocation of environmental protection behaviors, the first study including an investigation and a behavioral experiment will be carried out. In the second study, the psychological mechanisms of insufficiency time allocation in pro-environment behaviors will be explored by an eye tracking analysis and a behavioral experiment. At last, in the third study, the efficiency of some intervention measures which we propose based on the psychological mechanisms, will be proved by two behavioral experiments. The research results and its following conclusion of this research will provide theoretical and empirical evidence for the promotion of individuals’ environment-friendly behaviors.

环境问题关乎人类的可持续发展。但是，当前人们为环保活动所配置的时间明显不足。这就进一步导致人们的环保行为也相应减少。环保行为的时间配置本质上是个体进行时间分配决策的结果。并且这种决策具有动态性的特征。本项目以预期理论为基础，提出了动态性时间配置理论。基于该理论构思，本项目拟从环境—金钱结果相对价值评估、“行为—结果”关联度评估两个角度深入探索个体为环保行为配置时间的动态决策机制。同时，本项目还将基于心理机制的探索，提出并检验若干干预措施的有效性。因此，本项目研究将开展“环保行为时间配置不足现象揭示”、“环保行为时间配置不足心理机制探索”以及“干预措施有效性评估”等一系列研究，以期充分揭示环保行为时间配置不足现象及其心理机制，并找到能有效提高个体环保行为时间配置的措施。本研究项目将为促进个体做出环境友好决策和亲环境行为提供理论和研究依据。

当前，中国民众表现出环保意识和行为的背离。这可能与时间定价有关。时间定价导致人们为环保活动所配置的时间降低。本项目以预期理论为基础，提出了动态性时间配置理论。基于该理论构思，本项目拟从环境—金钱结果相对价值评估、“行为—结果”关联度评估两个角度深入探索个体为环保行为配置时间的动态决策机制，并评估相关干预措施的有效性。.研究一首先通过对430名普通居民的环保行为时间配置进行调查。结果发现，居民更倾向于将时间配置于能赚钱的工作中。同时，研究一还通过两个行为实验分别在个人和组织层面揭示了时间定价对环保行为参与意愿的影响。结果表明，无论是在个体层面，还是在组织层面，当启动了时间定价，尤其是当时间定价水平较高时，个体的环保意愿明显降低。同时，研究还发现，时间定价导致个体更多考虑了时间的经济价值，进而促使其降低了环保意愿。.研究二通过两个实验，分别从环境—金钱结果相对价值评估、“行为—结果”关联度评估两个角度深入探索环保行为时间配置的动态决策机制。第一个实验结果发现，随着时间定价水平逐渐提高，个体分配给环保活动的时间比例逐渐减少。金钱—环境相对价值评估在时间定价对环保时间分配比例的影响中起中介作用。第二个实验结果表明，“投入时间—获得金钱”关联度越高，个体分配给环保行为的时间比例越少。“行为—结果”相对关联度评估在“投入时间—获得金钱”关联度对环保时间分配比例的影响中起中介作用。上述实验还发现，时间分配结果的及时反馈会影响个体对“行为—结果”关联度的评估，进而带来时间配置发生变化。这也可以证明及时反馈环境结果有助于提高环保行为时间配置。.在上述研究的基础上，项目还开展了环保概念的隐喻研究，碳排放任务中的环境-金钱结果权衡机制研究以及义利权衡研究等。.本项目研究为促进个体做出环境友好决策和亲环境行为提供理论和研究依据。