新型多排轴向柱塞泵的理论基础与试验研究

Axial piston pump is a most important power unit of hydraulic transmission system, but the axial piston pump in existence have some problem such as unbalanced axial hydraulic pressure, outstanding vibration and acoustic noise. A new type multi-ring axial piston pump is put forward through innovation design of sturucture and is used as research objiect in this project. The dynamical Characteristics of the new type axial piston pump's block and port plate is studied, and the block's column holes is reasonable layout, so the axial hydraulic pressure can be balanced; The structure of the new type mulit-ring axial piston pump's port plate pair is designed, its Stress state is analysed, its flow model is established and simulated by the computer, so its character of friction and tribology is put forward and its leakage model is established; the match relationship of the swash plate's different bevel dip angel which must match to the block's column holes is studied, so its design principles is determined; The mathematic model of the new type axial piston pump is proposed, the structure of the key parts can be is optimized by dynamic simulation; the flow pulsation and vibration and acoustic noise of the new type mulit-ring axial piston pump is tested, so the structure parameters can be further optimized. At last the design princple and the evaluation methodology is put forward, it can product a good performance power unit for hydraulic transmission system.

轴向柱塞泵是液压传动系统中最为重要的动力元件，但现有轴向柱塞泵存在轴向液压力不平衡、振动和噪声大等问题，本项目通过结构创新，提出一种新型多排轴向柱塞泵，并以此为研究对象。研究新型多排轴向柱塞泵缸体和配流盘的动力学特性，合理设置柱塞孔分布，实现轴向液压力平衡；设计新型多排轴向柱塞泵配流副的结构，分析配流副的受力状态，建立配流副的流动模型，进行计算机仿真，得出配流副的摩擦润滑特性，并建立配流副的泄漏模型；研究斜盘多个斜面倾角的匹配关系，并与缸体的柱塞孔进行匹配，建立其设计准则；建立新型多排轴向柱塞泵的数学模型，进行动态分析，优化关键零部件结构参数；对新型多排轴向柱塞泵的进行试验，测试其流量脉动、振动噪声等性能，进一步优化结构参数，最终建立新型多排轴向柱塞泵的设计方法和评价准则，为液压传动系统提供一种性能优异的动力元件。

项目针对现有轴向柱塞泵轴向液压力不平衡，振动和噪声大等问题，提出一种新型多排轴向柱塞泵，并以此为研究对象。主要研究关键零部件结构参数、性能参数等对泵性能的影响，并建立一系列完整的基础设计理论和评价准则。进行如下部分的研究工作：（1）提出了内外排柱塞数目相等、交错分布的分布的缸体结构，以流量脉动最小、缸体力学性能最优为目标，建立了较为完善的新型多排轴向柱塞泵的核心零部件设计理论。（2）提出了全浮动缸体的构思，考虑内外排柱塞数目的奇偶、分布以及配流盘结构，建立缸体的倾覆力矩方程，优化了缸体的动态性能。（3）确立了采用配流盘和斜盘斜面的相互错位闸掉部分液压油作为新型多排轴向柱塞泵的变量方式，分析了旋转斜盘变量的力学特性，得出了内外排流量相互叠加，降低了由变量而形成的流量、压力波动，验证了变量方式的合理性。（4）建立了新型多排轴向柱塞泵的AMEsim仿真模型，得出了斜盘的合力轨迹类“三角形”，变化较缓，转折点较少，斜盘受力良好，运行更平稳，振动更小，噪声更低。（5）构建了液压泵实验平台，并研制了新型多排轴向柱塞泵的样机，进行了泵基本性能的测试工作。上述研究成果有助于进一步完善新型多排轴向柱塞泵的设计与制造，为该泵的实际工业应用提供良好的基础。