高速机床主轴轴承精度损失溯源研究

High-speed machine tool is the significant strategic requirement for equipment manufacturing development in our country, while its independent development is severely restricted by precision stability of main bearing, which is the core component for high-speed machine tool. Confronted with the key technological challenge to improve precision stability of main bearing, the precision loss mechanism and control theory of main bearing is a critical scientific problem to be explored and solved urgently for the independent development of high-speed machine tool. In this project, considering the close relationships among the precision stability of main bearing, the microstructure state of bearing body and the forming manufacture technology, a tracing research on bearing precision loss from the aspect of forming manufacture of bearing body is proposed. Based on multidisciplinary and multiscale theoretical calculation and experimental test, the effect of bearing body microstructure state on precision loss of bearing with working condition is studied, the influence of the forming manufacture condition to the bearing body microstructure state is investigated, in order to illustrate the interaction mechanism among the precision loss of main bearing, the bearing body microstructure state and the forming manufacture condition, and establish the theory of microstructure design and control forming manufacture of bearing body for high precision stability main bearing. This research can provide important scientific basis for key technical breakthrough of main bearing in high-speed machine tool and will promote the independent innovation and development of high-speed machine tool in our country.

高速机床作为我国装备制造业振兴发展的重大战略需求，其自主发展受到核心零部件主轴轴承（简称主轴承）精度稳定性问题的严重制约。面对提高高速机床主轴承精度稳定性的关键技术挑战，我国高速机床自主开发亟待探索解决主轴承精度损失机理和控制理论这一关键科学问题。本项目针对高速机床主轴承精度稳定性与基体组织状态和成形制造工艺之间密切关系，提出从轴承基体成形制造环节追溯研究轴承精度损失机理和控制理论。项目通过多学科多尺度理论计算和实验测试，研究服役条件下轴承基体组织状态对精度损失的作用规律，探究轴承基体成形制造工艺条件对组织状态的影响规律，阐明轴承精度损失与基体组织状态和成形制造工艺条件相互作用机理，建立高精度稳定性轴承基体组织状态设计与控制成形制造理论。通过本项目研究，可以为高速机床主轴承关键技术突破提供重要科学依据，促进我国高速机床技术自主创新发展。

本项目立足我国高档数控机床自主发展战略需求，面对高精度保持性主轴轴承关键技术制约，针对轴承精度保持性与基体组织状态和成形制造工艺之间的重要关联，从成形制造追溯研究轴承精度损失机理与控制方法。项目从理论、方法和工艺多层面研究了轴承基体冷轧-热处理成形制造过程组织遗传演化规律、成形制造工艺条件-组织状态-尺寸稳定性定量关系、轴承基体成形制造尺寸稳定性控制方法、高尺寸稳定性主轴承基体成形制造工艺，揭示了轴承基体尺寸稳定性与组织状态和成形制造工艺交互影响规律，建立了成形制造工艺条件-组织稳定性-尺寸稳定性映射关系模型，提出了轴承基体尺寸稳定性控制成形制造方法，开发了高尺寸稳定性轴承基体成形制造工艺，实现了高精度保持性精密机床主轴承研制应用；相关研究成果出版学术专著1部，发表论文17篇、SCI/EI 收录14篇，授权和申请国际/中国发明专利12项，获得机械工业科技进步三等奖1项，培养教授1人、博士和硕士研究生6人；本项目研究为攻克高速机床轴承精度保持性难题提供了重要科学支撑，并且能够为航空等领域高速精密轴承制造理论与技术研究提供借鉴。