稀疏阵列天线孔径综合的理论与技术

Sparse array antenna aperture synthesis is a radar technology that use sparse layout of multiple subarray (sub-aperture) antennas in space to get high-resolution images of surface features and achieve high resolution moving target detection through the space-time-frequency multi-dimensional signal processing. Its main application directions are airborne / airship sparse array antenna radar imaging and high-resolution moving target detection of small satellite radar formation systems..The project proposed imaging radar concepts and application ideas based on the sparse array antenna aperture synthesis, and will research on the sparse array antenna radar system and the array antenna layout theory, the airborne downward-looking sparse array antenna radar three-dimensional imaging, the airship conformal sparse array antenna radar imaging, and the high-resolution moving target detection based on sparse array etc. The project will solve key technical problems and form a new radar system and signal processing methods and be intended to explore the moving target super-resolution imaging concept based on sparse array. It has great significance to the development of sparse array antenna imaging radar system and signal processing technology for our country.

稀疏阵列天线孔径综合是利用在空间稀疏布设的多个天线子阵（子孔径），通过空－时－频多维信号处理，获得地物高分辨率图像和实现运动目标高分辨率探测的雷达技术，其主要应用方向为机载/艇载稀疏阵列天线雷达对地成像和运动目标高分辨率探测。.本项目系统地提出了基于稀疏阵列天线孔径综合的成像雷达概念和应用设想，拟研究稀疏阵列天线雷达体制和阵列天线布局理论、机载稀疏阵列天线雷达下视三维成像、艇载共形稀疏阵列天线雷达成像和高分辨率运动目标探测等内容，解决关键技术问题，形成新的雷达系统工作体制和信号处理方法，拟同时探索基于稀疏阵列的运动目标超高分辨成像概念，对我国稀疏阵列天线成像雷达新体制和信号处理技术的发展具有重要的意义。

稀疏阵列天线孔径综合是利用在空间稀疏布设的多个天线子阵，通过空－时－频多维信号处理，获得地物高分辨率图像和实现运动目标高分辨率探测的雷达技术，可大幅减少大尺寸阵列天线子阵及对应的收发单元数量，尤其适用于空间分辨率要求高、设备体积重量约束条件多的工作环境。本项目系统研究了稀疏阵列天线雷达体制和阵列天线布局、机载稀疏阵列天线雷达三维成像、艇载共形稀疏阵列天线雷达成像和高分辨率运动目标探测等内容，开展了相应的半物理仿真试验和实际数据处理工作，解决了三维空间约束条件下的阵列天线稀疏优化布局算法和高度稀疏阵列孔径综合方法等关键技术问题。针对稀疏采样条件下的高分辨率成像问题，本项目提出了基于干涉处理变换域稀疏雷达成像的概念和方法，与传统满采样成像方法相比，基于干涉处理变换域稀疏雷达成像方法在数据采集量减少约50%的条件下，仍可获得接近满采样的成像效果。该方法可用于InSAR、InISAR、机载/艇载/星载稀疏阵列SAR成像、稀疏重过航SAR三维复图像重建和艇载稀疏阵列雷达实孔径成像。本项目研究成果对我国稀疏阵列天线雷达系统体制和信号处理技术的发展具有重要的意义。