面向低轨星地传感网的QoS路由机制研究

LEO satellite-ground sensor network, which combines LEO satellite network with wireless sensor network, is to play an important role in many scenarios, such as forestry fire prevention monitoring, disaster assessment and rescue, etc. In wireless sensor actor networks, it is urgent that data should be collected and the instruction be sent to the execution node timely. However, QoS routing is poorly elucidated for LEO satellite-ground sensor network. The project focuses on the research on QoS routing for the ground part of LEO satellite-ground sensor network. Firstly, the gateway location is investigated under the two scenarios: location limited and unlimited respectively. Secondly, the gateway networking method is explored by means of clustering, movement and enhance deployment. Moreover, we consider the corresponding gateway selection strategy and routing among gateways. Finally, we will deliberate cross layer routing algorithm for ground sensor network based on non-uniform clustering, energy hole locating and avoidance method. Based on the former research, we will conclude the relationship between gateway deployment and end-to-end delay; quantify the energy requirement between sensor node and gateway. The proposed routing mechanism will be tested and demonstrated by software simulation and prototype deployment. The related research can provide theoretical basis for the deployment and application of LEO satellite-ground sensor network.

融合低轨卫星网和地面无线传感网的低轨星地传感网在林业防火监测、灾害评估与救援等复杂环境应用场景中具有独特的作用。随着无线传感执行网等新型传感网的出现，迫切要求能够及时收集数据或将指令传送到执行节点，然而低轨星地传感网的QoS路由机制尚不明确。本项目以该网络体系下的地面段QoS路由机制为研究对象，首先研究部署位置受限、不受限两种场景下的地面网关选址方法；接着探索基于地面网关分簇、网关联动与增强部署的组网方法，研究星地通信网关选取及网关间路由算法；最后研究传感器节点的非均匀分簇方法、能量空洞定位与避免方法，在此基础上设计地面段传感网跨层路由算法；分析网关部署与端到端时延等QoS指标的内生联系、量化传感器与网关节点间的能量需求关系；通过软件仿真和模拟部署验证提出的路由机制的有效性，为低轨星地传感网的部署与应用提供理论基础。

作为无线传感器网络一种最新的发展形式，星地传感网将信息的收集与供给在空间和时间上最大程度地延伸，有着十分广阔应用范围。由于尚未成熟且与网络体系结构存在差异，传统卫星网和无线传感器网络QoS路由机制不能直接应用于星地传感网中。为此，本项目从以下方面开展了研究：剖析星地传感网QoS路由机制研究进展，探讨未来研究方向；极轨道LEO卫星网区分服务路由机制，满足空间段不同服务质量需求业务的传输；网关选址与组网方法；地面段无线传感网动态信道接入方法、非均匀分簇方法及跨层路由技术；通过仿真与模拟部署相结合的方式验证了所提出方法的性能。项目达到计划目标，取得了较好的效果。