机泵一体化永磁电机振动特性与噪声抑制技术研究

Motor-Pump integration technology is a rim drive integrated motor technology, the pump blades integrate inside the rotating electrical machine, the outer edge of the pump rotor connects to the inner edge of the motor rotor. Motor-pump integrated device has many advantages, such as, high power density, high efficiency, low noise, easy to modular. Although the mechanical noise is small, but the device still has the problem of electromagnetic noise. At present, the research about the vibration and noise of this device in China and other countries is still rare. In this project, the analytic model of electromagnetic force of the Halbach structure discrete permanent magnet motor with any magnetizing angle considering the air gap discretionary and the coupled numerical model of the noise excited by fluid and electromagnetic force are established to analyze the vibration and noise characteristics of the device. Some noise suppression measures are proposed based on the analysis of force wave, the relative position of the magnetic pole and pump blade and the harmonic current injection. A comprehensive design method of the low noise motor-pump integrated device will be put forward based on the efficiency, power density, temperature and strength. The conclusion will be verified by a prototype experiment. This is of great significance to further improve the vibration and noise performance of the motor-pump integrated device and to improve the crew's working environment.

机泵一体化技术是一种集成电机轮缘驱动技术，将泵叶集成到旋转电机内部，泵叶外缘与电机转子内缘相接。机泵一体化装置具有功率密度高、效率高、噪声低、易于模块化的优点。虽然机械噪声小，但其仍然存在电磁噪声的问题。目前国内外关于该装置振动噪声问题的研究尚不多见。本课题通过建立考虑气隙偏心的离散式任意充磁角度Halbach结构永磁电机电磁力解析模型、流体激励振动和电磁激励振动耦合噪声数值预报模型，分析机泵一体化Halbach结构永磁电机电磁和振动噪声特性；提出基于力波分析、磁极泵叶相对位置优化、谐波电流注入的噪声抑制措施，并兼顾效率、功率密度、温度和强度开展低噪声机泵一体化装置综合设计研究；最后得出一套高功率密度、高效率、低噪声机泵一体化装置设计方法，并研制样机进行实验验证。本课题提出的设计方法对于进一步提高机泵一体化装置振动噪声性能、改善船员工作环境具有重要意义。

机泵一体化技术是一种集成电机轮缘驱动技术，将泵叶集成到旋转电机内部，泵叶外缘与电机转子内缘相接。机泵一体化装置具有功率密度高、效率高、噪声低、易于模块化的优点。虽然机械噪声小，但其仍然存在电磁噪声的问题。根据机泵一体化装置轴向长度短、径向厚度小的设计需求，提出了采用分数槽集中绕组定子Halbach阵列转子的机泵一体化装置设计方法，以基波绕组系数大、谐波磁动势成分少幅值小、谐波反电势幅值小、齿槽转矩小为目标进行分数槽集中绕组选型，建立了离散式任意充磁角度Halbach永磁电机磁场解析模型，并对转子泵叶进行了低空泡优化。基于叠压冲片铁心与浸漆散嵌绕组等效建立了机泵一体化电机电磁振动精确数值预报模型，验证了频域求解与时域求解的等效性。对于机泵一体化装置分数槽集中绕组灌胶密封电机，铁心轭部较薄、机壳厚度相对较大，机壳对定子总成模态的贡献最大，灌胶密封可进一步提高定子总成的固有频率，定子总成对绕组等效弹性模量参数敏感度较低，内腔水介质对机泵一体化装置定子总成各阶模态的影响并不大。缩胀振动、起伏振动是对电机噪声有贡献的主要振动成分，扭转振动无径向振动分量，对噪声无贡献。缩胀振动由0对极径向力引起，频率为基波电频率的6k倍；起伏振动由非0偶对极径向和切向力引起，频率也为基波电频率的6k±2倍；对轭薄齿宽型电机，切向力引起的振动不可忽略。分数槽集中绕组电机空载和负载状态下电磁振动差别较大，电机本体谐波电流不会引入新的振动成分，但会使仅考虑基波电流时的振动成分幅值增大，脉宽调制谐波电流会引入丰富的振动成分。提出了基于自适应准谐振控制器的机泵一体化电机无位置传感器噪声抑制措施，可有效减小电机转矩脉动和噪声，为研制高功率密度低噪声机泵一体化装置提供技术支撑。