贵州重要作物（马铃薯、辣椒、茶叶）种植区地质环境研究

The high-quality tobaccos, teas, chillis, potatos and fruits are produced in Guizhou, but for a long time little attention has been paid to the investigation of geological environment in which those crops grow, which creates barriers for scale cultivation of those farming crops. For the purpose of fulfilling the potential of Guizhou's superior farming products, our researches were focused on the geological backgrounds which we believe is essential for the enhancement of the quality and quantity of distinctive farming crops. Therefore, stratas in the growing areas and elements contents in both soil and crops were investigated, on this basis, the relationship between the crops' quality and quantity and the geological environments including regional stratas and geochemical characteristics of the soil was studied in detail. As a result, beneficial growing areas were selected and advantageous growing belts were also planed in order to achieving scale cultivation. Meanwhile, the investigation of elements composition in Guizhou's faming crops could provide useful data for the qualities of the crops and could also figure out both the beneficial and harmful elements in them, thereby establishing a data base of elements contents for superior farming crops in Guizhou Province, which was considered to be of great significance in increasing the scientific and technological contents of Guizhou's superior farming corps. This study may provides some scientific references for the development of the superior farming corps in Guizhou Province.

贵州具有优质的茶叶、辣椒、马铃薯、烟草、水果等，但长期以来对其生长的地质环境未展开深入研究，因此，大多数优质农产品未形成规模化种植。为了使贵州特色优势农产品种植形成规模，对其生长的地质背景进行深入研究，有利于提高特色农产品的产量和品质。为此开展贵州茶叶、辣椒、马铃薯种植区地层、土壤、农作物的矿物元素含量调查，探索茶叶、马铃薯和辣椒农作物产量、质量与种植区地层、土壤地球化学特征、地质环境等之间的关系，选取有利的优势种植区域，规划有利的种植区带，达到规模化种植。确定影响种植的重要影响因子，建立马铃薯、茶叶、辣椒优质种植区的评价模型。探讨元素从土壤向作物迁移规律和生物效应。同时，进行茶叶、辣椒、马铃薯产区农产品中矿物元素含量调查，了解贵州重要农产品的品质及其含有益/害人体健康的元素组成情况，建立贵州茶叶、辣椒、马铃薯矿物元素含量数据库，提高农产品的科技含量，为贵州特色优势农产品发展提供科学支撑。

贵州拥有优势农作物马铃薯、茶叶、辣椒和中药材等，但是一直未开展它们种植环境研究，这严重制约了它们规模化种植和品质提高。为了查明马铃薯、茶叶、辣椒和中药材的种植环境特征和种植制约因子，确定有利的种植区带，在国家基金资助下开展本项目研究。. 项目开展大量的野外调查、样品采集和分析，共采集1132件岩石、土壤、植物样品，分析测试979件微量元素，Pb、Cd和Sr同位素测试共95件。. 通过4年的研究工作，主要取得以下成果：（1）确定优质、高产马铃薯（辣椒、茶叶）种植的主要地质环境控制因子，并圈定了六盘水市马铃薯、遵义辣椒、贵阳乌当太子参等有利种植区带。其中六盘水市马铃薯种植区划图及建议被六盘水市采纳。（2）基本完成各种茶叶主产区矿物元素含量数据库。（3）建立了贵州遵义、大方、贵阳辣椒基于矿物元素指纹溯源模型；建立了湄潭凤冈、安顺、雷山茶叶的原产地溯源模型。（4）开展了铅锌矿冶炼区、汞矿区土壤、作物重金属分布、迁移研究，取得较好的研究成果。（5）发表核心以上论文11篇，其中SCI论文5篇，EI论文2篇。出版专著1部，申请发明专利1项。（6）培养博士研究生2人（已毕业1人），硕士研究生4人（已毕业2人）。. 研究成果对六盘水市马铃薯种植、遵义辣椒规模化种植具有指导意义，建立的辣椒、茶叶溯源模型，为贵州茶叶、辣椒地理标志和产品溯源提高技术支撑。