变辐照太阳光-煤热互补的耦合机理与系统集成方法研究

From the viewpoint of the interdisciplinarity of engineering thermodynamics and radiation thermodynamics, this research will focus on basic issue of hybridized solar-coal power generation system. Based on the energy cascade utilization principle and energy-level analysis method, the solar-coal hybrid mechanism, the relationship between the energy conversion irreversibility reduction and the solar-to-electricity efficiency improvement will be investigated. Starting from the maximum working capability of solar radiation, the mechanism and approach to couple the solar radiation-heat process and heat-work thermodynamic process will be given. Through the experiment and simulation study, the characteristic parameters synergy changing of solar field and power block, and their effect on the annual solar-to-electricity efficiency will be given. The basic laws of solar radiation-heat conversion with off-design DNI will be revealed. The off-design solar energy and thermodynamic cycle hybrid mechanism, high efficient flow regulate and control approach under changing DNI, and multi-energy input evaluation criteria will be investigated. The models of system technique-economics performances and system optimization will be set up. The research will provide the theoretical supports for solving the science and technological challenges of high cost and low efficiency in the solar thermal power generation system. It will be expected that the annual solar-to-electricity efficiency can be improved 5 percentage points.

本项目在工程热力学与辐射热力学等学科交叉的光-热-功能量转化理论层面，探索太阳能光煤热互补发电的应用基础问题。基于能的梯级利用原理和品位分析方法，研究光煤热互补的能量转化机理，探索互补过程不可逆性减小和太阳能作功能力提升机制与基本关联规律，从太阳辐照的源头构建太阳能光-热能量转化过程与燃煤电站热力过程耦合的机制和方法。通过试验与模拟研究，揭示太阳能侧特征参数与热力循环中有关参数的协同变化规律，及它们对系统年均太阳能净发电效率的影响，揭示变辐照太阳能光热转化的本质规律。研究变辐照太阳能与热力循环的互补耦合机制、高效转功的流程调控新方法、多能源互补的评价准则等，建立光煤热互补发电系统的全工况技术经济模型和关键参数优化模型。研究成果将为高效率、低成本的光煤电互补利用太阳能提供新思路、方法与系统。预计可使互补系统年均太阳能净发电效率比化石燃料简单补燃的太阳能热发电技术提高5个百分点以上。

面对节能减排的重大国家需求，针对太阳能热发电效率低和变辐照系统性能下降的问题，开展了光煤互补的品位提升机理及系统集成研究，具体探索了光煤互补发电系统的热互补机理，参与研发了变辐照槽式聚光广角跟踪集热核心部件，提出了以年均太阳能发电效率为目标的变辐照下变流程的调控新方法，年均太阳能净发电效率可比单纯太阳能热发电系统提高5%以上。经过三年努力，本项目按计划全面完成了任务书规定研究内容。重要进展与成果如下：.1. 探索了光煤互补发电系统的热互补机理，建立了互补系统中太阳能净发电效率的普适表达式；.2. 参与研制了300kW光煤互补聚光集热系统技术，研发了槽式聚光广角跟踪集热核心部件，突破了槽式聚光镜轴向方向角无法改变的技术瓶颈。.3. 探索变辐照下集热场与动力岛流程变化对太阳能发电效率的影响，提出了以提高年均太阳能发电效率为目标的变辐照下变流程的调控新方法。.上述研究成果共发表论文10篇：国际期刊论文7篇，工程热物理学报1篇，国际会议论文2篇。SCI收录6篇，EI收录2篇，ISTP收录2篇。申请国家发明专利5项（授权3项，公开2项），批准软件著作权2项。培养博士生3名、硕士生1名。多人次获奖，“吴仲华优秀学生奖”2人，“美国超导公司奖学金”“宝钢奖学金”各1人，“国家奖学金”2人。