大型风电场引起的局地气候效应研究

Abstract: Energy and environment are important issues of common that concern to the international community today. With the development of wind power industry in the world, large-scale wind power will be built more and more. Research and development of renewable energy were actively promoted in China. A great of 1000MW large-scale wind power plan to set up in our country. With the large-scale wind power setting up, the surface roughness length and drag coefficient will be changed, and that will change the wind speed and turbulence of the area in wind power, influence the downward transport of momentum flux, change the characteristic of viscous dissipation, and ultimately effect the local climate. In this project, JIUQUAN wind power will be take as an example, and WRF model will be used to simulate the influence to wind, temperature and precipitation etc. of local climate by large-scale wind power through changing surface roughness and adding a drag effect item near the surface in momentum equation of wind power area according the reality arrangement of turbine in wind power. Through that, we hope to know more about the influence of human engineering activities on local climate..This project is the basic scientific research that combines our country’s great engineering item, and it has important value to better understand the influence of human engineering activities on climate and environment. This project also has regional and academic characteristics.

摘要：能源和环境是当今国际社会关注的重要问题。随着世界风电产业的发展，大型风电场会越来越多的被建成。我国也在积极推进可再生能源的研发，在全国规划了多个千万千瓦级的大型风电基地。大型风电场的建成，势必会改变地表粗糙度长度，使得拖曳系数发生变化，造成风电场区域风速和湍流发生改变，影响动量通量的向下输送，改变粘性耗散特性，最终会对局地气候产生影响。本项目以酒泉风电基地为例，利用中尺度WRF高分辨率模式，根据实际风电场风机布局，通过改变风电场区域地表粗糙度长度和增加动量方程中近地面层拖曳效应项（将风电场看作动量的源/汇）等方法，模拟研究大型风电场可能对局地风、气温、降水等气候因子产生的影响，以期加深对人类工程活动影响局地气候的认识。.本项目是结合国家重大工程项目开展的基础性研究工作，对深入理解人类工程活动的气候环境效应有重要价值，而且也有地域和学科特色。

摘要：本项目以甘肃省桥东第一风电场为例，基于风电机与大气流场之间的相互作用，研究了单台风力机和整个风电场的理论出力与实际出力特征；利用WRF模拟风速，并与实际测风资料对比，以验证模式模拟能力。进一步进行敏感性试验，研究风电场的建成运行对其内、外部气象要素的影响；利用国家气象中心数值预报室的T639资料驱动高分辨的WRF模式，将模式中酒泉地区稀疏植被或无植被（裸土）地区的地表粗糙度长度由0.01 m改为0.002 m，将模拟结果与酒泉地区风电场测风塔的观测资料进行对比，研究了地表粗糙度长度对酒泉地区风场的影响。利用Agle-TDM风机动力模型，通过设置多种大气湍流稳定度情形，模拟分析了不同湍流状态下单台风机尾流的空间特征；通过调研相关文献，总结归纳了风电场对气 候和生态环境的影响。通过这些分析，基本了解了大型风电场建成后，对于局地气候效应的影响。