无机-有机电致变色复合膜的偏振散射行为与散射机理研究

Electrochromic polymers show significant application in the field of military adaptive camouflage because of its changing optical characteristics. In order to develop the adaptive camouflage material which can resist polarimetric detecting, nano-ZnO/polythiophene-anthranene films with designable polarimetric scattering properties are put forward. In this program, the changing rules of optic constants of the composite film are studied through the method of ellipsometric spectrum measurement. Nanocomposite films are prepared by electrodepositing alternating polythiophene-anthranene films on ZnO nanorod arrays, which can regulate the arrangement of the polymer chain by their orderly array. A series of inorganic- organic nanocomposite electrochromic films with different polarimetric scattering properties will be prepared by modulating the template, preparation technique and the structure of the polymer. The correlation between the orientation of polymer chain, optical anisotropy, and polarization effect on the scattered light will be investigated to find the mechanism of its polarimetric scattering behavior, which can act as a rule for preparation a film with designable polarimetric scattering property for different background. The original works about the polarimetric scattering behavior modulation and the dynamic change of the optical constants of the films will be executed. This project is important for exploring the polarimetric scattering behaviors of inorganic-organic nanocomposite electrochromic films and the related intrinsic physical property. At the same time, the foundations can be made for the investigations on the adaptive camouflage which can resist polarimetric detecting.

电致变色聚合物能够通过外加电激励调控自身光电特征，在自适应伪装技术领域具有重要的应用前景。本项目以对抗偏振遥感侦察的自适应伪装材料为研究背景，提出了以纳米ZnO/聚噻吩-蒽电致变色复合膜作为模型体系，通过椭圆偏振光谱法研究电致变色过程中复合膜的光学常数变化规律；通过纳米ZnO模板的有序结构，调控聚合物分子链的排列方式，得到偏振散射特征可控的无机-有机电致变色复合膜。在此基础上，建立复合膜的光学各向异性、偏振散射特征与聚合物分子取向性及有序参数的关系，揭示偏振散射机理。本项目将在无机纳米模板对聚合物的微观结构调控、分子排列方式对光学各向异性和偏振散射特征的影响规律等方面开展原创性研究工作。项目成果有助于进一步探索电致变色聚合物材料的偏振散射行为及物理本质，从而为对抗偏振遥感侦察的自适应伪装材料研究提供理论与技术基础。

噻吩类导电聚合物拥有良好的电致变色性能，是一种极有可能应用于自适应伪装技术中的智能材料。但目前噻吩型电致变色材料仍存在不适于偏振伪装以及绿色伪装色难以实现的问题。本项目拟通过有机-无机纳米复合方法实现具有光学各向异性与偏振散射特性的复合薄膜材料制备，针对合成的噻吩-蒽单体难以电聚合问题，采用一体化器件以及随机共聚的方法实现了聚合物薄膜的制备，系统研究了供体单元数量、供电能力以及聚合溶剂对共聚物的结构和光谱吸收的影响。考虑到共聚物在不同电极基底上制备的不确定性，采用电聚合的方法制备了多种强供体-受体均聚物，考察了终端噻吩单元结构与供电能力对均聚物光谱吸收的影响，并探究了供体单元对聚合物内π共轭以及供吸电效应的影响机理。在均聚物研究基础上，以TiO2纳米阵列为电极基底，成功制备了聚合物-TiO2的有机无机复合材料，研究了无机纳米结构对聚合物合成、形貌以及电致变色性能的影响，由于TiO2复合可提高离子掺杂效率并且与有机界面形成大的供体-受体结构，复合膜的对比度、响应速率以及稳定性等性能显著增强。研究了复合膜的偏振散射特性和光学各向异性；利用空间位阻效应制备了黄色型聚合物，研究了共轭芳环大小对空间位阻以及聚合物光谱吸收影响，通过配色理论将蓝色和黄色聚合物溶液互混实现了绿色电致变色材料的制备，研究了聚合物吸收系数以及配比对材料性能的影响。项目成果有助于有机-无机纳米复合材料制备，实现电致变色性能和偏振伪装性能的优化，并对满足伪装色的智能材料开发应用有一定的参考价值。