中国传统聚落景观基因组图谱的构建及其应用研究-以湖南省为例

It is well known that people can discovery plenty of knowledge and much information from the historical and cultural ancient villages & towns (traditional settlements) of China, such as history, cultures, arts, and sciences, etc. After hundreds of years, the traditional settlements of China have accumulated rich knowledge or experiences on human-earth relationships, these are considered as a significant part of important cultural heritages and treasures. Hence, the nature of landscape features and potential values of traditional settlements will play active role in forwarding some key national tactics, such as novel urbanization, etc. Traditional settlement landscape gene theory (TSLGT) firstly proposed by Chinese scholars capture the geographical properties of cultural landscape genes in ancient villages & towns through using biological analysis methods. TSLGT are widely used to resolve the traditional settlement zoning, tourism planning, as well as preservation, etc. However, it is noteworthy that TSLGT lacks effective methods to ensure the key associated features between the cultural landscape genes and settlements. Importantly, TSLGT is in difficulties while people try to use it to resolve more problems. According to our early research results, the traditional settlement cultural landscape genome maps (TSCLGM) are proposed by us. We will try to establish instances on TSCLGM within the support from GIS and Geo-informatic Tupu by taking Hunan Province as case area. We will also try to find the interacting mechanisms among the cultural landscape genes and settlement images. We hope we will find new approaches in severing to understand the traditional settlement landscapes in a given region on the basis of the former researches. Lastly, we will highlight the scientific and theoretical significances of TSCLGM in order to forward the preservations and developments of traditional settlements of China.

中国的传统聚落蕴含着丰富的历史、文化、艺术、科学等信息，传承了古代先民探索人地关系等传统知识，是宝贵的文化遗产。科学地解读传统聚落景观的特征和潜在价值可以为新型城镇化等国家战略提供理论支持。. 中国学者提出的传统聚落景观基因理论借鉴生物学方法分析传统聚落景观基因的地理学特征，在传统聚落区划、旅游等领域得到了应用。但是，该理论尚缺乏解析文化景观基因与聚落意象的关联特征的科学方法。受生物基因组图谱的启发，本课题提出传统聚落景观基因组图谱的概念。结合地学信息图谱，课题组将系统地探索传统聚落景观基因组图谱的科学内涵与构建方法。同时，课题组以湖南省为例开展案例研究，归纳湖南省景观基因与聚落意象的关联机制，总结相应的地学特征与规律，探索传统聚落景观基因组图谱的应用途径和领域。结合前述研究，课题组拟进一步将传统聚落景观基因组图谱上升为理论认识，从而促进我国传统聚落的保护和利用。

类型多样、内涵丰富、民族传统文化特色鲜明且历史风貌完好的历史文化名镇名村、中国传统村落（统称为传统聚落）是中国优秀民族传统文化遗产的典型代表，是中华民族屹立于世界民族之林的强力见证。传统聚落被誉为民间收藏的国宝，承载了古人适应环境、改造自然、追求人与环境和谐共存等丰富的知识，从生态、环境、建筑、历史、地理、艺术、规划、设计、人类学和社会学等多学科交叉融合的视角挖掘其科学价值与内涵有助于推动现今“构建民族文化自信”“实现城乡融合发展”“新型城镇化”“推动优秀民族传统文化传承与发扬”等重大经济社会战略。因此，在现今数字化生存时代，结合信息科学与技术的理论和方法，深入解读传统聚落文化景观的根本特征，揭示其蕴藏的地学知识与规律有着重要的理论意义和社会发展实践价值。.本课题首次提出传统聚落景观基因组图谱理论，以湖南省为主要研究案例区，结合生物信息学、GIS、文化基因组图谱计算理论、地图学和空间数据挖掘等理论与方法，构建了湖南省传统聚落景观基因组图谱。课题组以探索传统聚落景观基因组图谱的科学特征、应用价值、特征分析与挖掘方法为主体研究任务，同时适当兼顾和拓展传统聚落景观基因组图谱方法在农业文化遗产文化景观特征识别与解读、传统聚落景观基因地理信息特征理解、文化景观基因信息链识别及其在旅游规划中的应用等应用领域的科学问题，完成了丰富的研究成果。首先，课题组从地理信息认知视角分析了传统聚落景观基因的科学哲理，明确了理解文化景观基因地理信息特征的原理、主要方法与基本途径。其次，课题组结合地图分析的原理与空间句法理论，构建了传统聚落景观基因组图谱的空间形态提取和空间结构分析方法与技术流程，总结了湖南省传统聚落景观基因组图谱的特征。第三，课题组结合地图符号与语言学相关原理构建了传统聚落景观基因组图谱空间特征的符号可视化方法，并设计了相应的原型系统程序。课题组的现有研究成果丰富了我国人文GIS研究。