金属丝微秒电爆炸等离子体驱动含能材料的基本过程及特性研究

The shock wave generation method of energetic materials ignited by microsecond metal wire explosion plasma is a new reservoir modification technology. It is expected to become a powerful tool for unconventional oil and gas exploration and development in China because of its advantages of no environmental pollution and controllable parameters. Although field tests have confirmed the modification and stimulation of this technology in coal seams and continental shale reservoirs, the ignition process and mechanism of microsecond metal wire explosion plasma on energetic materials are still unclear. In view of this, combined with quantum chemical calculation and ignition factors separation experiment, the basic process and characteristics of energetic materials ignited by microsecond metal wire explosion plasma are studied in depth. The influence of discharge parameters, metal wire materials and molecular structure of energetic materials on ignition process is analyzed; the dominant ignition factor is discussed; the energy threshold criterion is established; and the concept and evaluation criteria of wire explosion plasma sensitivity are introduced. Moreover, the ignition model is established at the molecular level, and the ignition mechanism under multi-factors is explored. This distinct interdisciplinary research not only has important scientific value in the field of energetic material ignition, but also promotes the development and improvement of this technology, and guides its practical application in the exploration of oil and gas resources.

基于金属丝微秒电爆炸等离子体驱动含能材料的冲击波产生方法是一种新型储层改造技术，因其具有冲击波峰值压强及脉宽可控、无环境污染等优势，有望成为我国非常规油气资源勘探开发的有力手段。尽管目前已通过现场试验证实了该技术在煤层及陆相页岩储层中的改造和增产作用，但其核心理论，即金属丝微秒电爆炸等离子体对含能材料的驱动过程及机理尚不明确。鉴于此，本课题结合量子化学计算和驱动因素分离实验，深入开展金属丝微秒电爆炸等离子体驱动含能材料的基本过程及特性研究，分析不同放电参数、金属丝材质以及含能材料分子结构对驱动过程的影响规律，探究主导驱动因素，建立能量阈值判据，提出金属丝电爆炸等离子体感度的概念及其评价标准，并在分子层面建立驱动模型、探索多因素作用下的微观驱动机理。本课题具有鲜明的学科交叉特征，不仅在含能材料起爆领域具有重要的科学研究价值，还将促进该技术的发展与完善，指导其在油气资源开发中的实际应用。

页岩气因其储量丰富、可持续性强等优点，逐渐成为一种备受瞩目的非常规天然气资源。基于金属丝电爆炸驱动含能负载的冲击波产生技术有望实现页岩气储层改造和增产。因此，研究金属丝电爆炸驱动含能材料的基本过程及其冲击波特性，具有重要的理论研究意义，又具有光明的实际应用前景。 .本文测量了空气中多种金属丝电爆炸，研究表明，放电通道边缘的颗粒状粒子数量近似呈指数增长趋势，通道内部逐渐形成多孔形态。基于量子化学计算的物性分析以及驱动因素分离研究发现，钽丝对黑索金干粉单质的驱动效果最好，由光辐射主导驱动。决定起爆机理的关键是含能材料的分子结构，影响光辐射驱动的关键因素是光子能量。驱动黑索金的光化学机理主要有两种，一是当金属丝电爆炸的光辐射波长与含能键固有振动波长相同或相近时，化学键因共振效应而发生断裂；二是分子中的成键轨道吸收光子能量后，电子跃迁使分子从基态被激发成电子转移激发态。金属丝电爆炸驱动含能负载产生的冲击波对三轴围压下的页岩样品具有明显的致裂效果，样品表面出现了复杂网状裂纹，内部产生了贯穿性裂缝，样品的压裂压力显著下降。本文提出了简单、可行、实用的含能负载设计指导方案。