面向多样化需求的开放式结构产品可适应设计

Currently available product design methods cannot sufficiently address design requirements of flexibility and adaptability as these methods often consider product functional requirements unchangeable with less involvement of users in the design process. Open architecture product design approach enables users to participate in the design, manufacturing and implementation processes through common interfaces opened to the public so that designed products possess functions required by users, and therefore provide a sustainable solution. Adaptable design (AD) is a suitable method for design of open-architecture products (OAPs) to meet different consumers' requirements. This research systematically develops the specific AD method for design of OAPs, investigates relationships of product structures and users′requirements, and builds quantitative models for measures of interfaces and the product openness. The specific objective is to develop effective design methods for product innovation based on AD methods with open product structures, adaptable function modules, and common interfaces. The proposed method will be applied to light industrial equipment to verify its commonality and operationability. The research will formulate a systematic design methodology to enable designed products with flexibility to change the working state, and adaptability for the positive response to requirement changes. The research solution will provide a strong support in methods for design, manufacturing, applications and maintenance of electrical and mechanical products. The implementation of OAPs and AD methods can also bring positive effects on other product design and manufacturing enterprises, which will bring significant advances in theory and practice of innovative product development.

现有设计方法尚未能充分考虑可变的产品功能和缺乏用户参与而不能满足产品灵活性和适应性需求，而开放式结构产品通过公共开放接口增加用户在产品设计、制造与实施中的参与度而使产品真正具备用户所需功能，符合可持续发展理念。可适应设计正是一种能满足多样化需求的开放式结构使能设计方法。项目旨在探索面向多样化需求的开放式结构产品设计方法，揭示产品结构与用户需求关系，建立接口与产品开放度的量化模型，提出基于可适应设计方法的开放式产品构架、可适应功能模块和公用接口以开拓产品创新设计的有效途径，并以轻工装备为对象进行验证以形成具有通用性和可操作性的开放式结构产品可适应设计体系。该方法体系将使产品具有改变其使用状态的灵活性以及随外部需求变化而调节的适应性，为我国机电产品设计、制造、使用和维护提供合理和必要的理论与方法支撑。开放式结构产品及可适应设计思想的实施将对许多产业发展带来深刻的影响，具有重要的理论与实际意义。

开放式结构产品通过公共开放接口使用户和其他公司提供个性化产品模块，增加用户在产品设计、制造与实施中的参与度进而使产品能够满足多样化用户需求。为开发能够适应多样化用户需求的开放式结构产品提供设计理论支撑，本项目按照合同预期进行了设计理论与方法研究，提出了面向多样化需求的开放式结构产品可适应设计框架体系和设计方法。研究内容以及成果主要包括：提出了开放式结构产品用户需求、功能设计和结构设计的建模、矩阵求解及评价方法；建立了模块规划、接口设计、适应性评价的复合模型和对应的用户参与开放式结构产品设计的方法；制定了从功能需求到产品不同模块的分类、接口连接设计以及产品适应性评价的一整套解决方案；提出了提升接口适应性的研究方法和增强开放式结构稳健性的方法；并以轻工装备以及电动车为对象进行设计应用，以验证具有通用性和可操作性的开放式结构产品可适应设计体系。创新性研究成果在主流期刊与会议发布学术论文27篇，SCI/EI收录20篇，1篇在国际会议获优秀论文奖，多次受邀做大会报告。申请专利6项，取得软件著作权1项。项目的研究工作在一定程度上丰富了可适应设计理论，对设计开放满足多样化需求的开放式结构产品具有较好的参考价值。